Triassi M, Pennino F
Department of Public Health, University of Napoli Federico II, Italy.
Ann Ig. 2018 Jul-Aug;30(4 Supple 1):48-51. doi: 10.7416/ai.2018.2234.
Exposure to pathogenic agents is a major occupational risk factor in healthcare facilities. The most common pathogenic agents are human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In Italy, about 70-80% of all cases of exposure to biological agents result from injuries caused by needles or other sharp instruments used during healthcare procedures. These accidents place a high economic burden on healthcare facilities. Indeed, each event is estimated to cost around € 375. Various studies have shown that the adoption of needlestick-prevention devices reduces occupational exposure to biological risk. At regulatory level, Italian Legislative Decrees 81/08 and 19/14 provide for measures to protect healthcare professionals from biological exposure to pathogenic agents.
在医疗机构中，接触致病因子是一项主要的职业风险因素。最常见的致病因子是人类免疫缺陷病毒、乙型和丙型肝炎病毒以及结核分枝杆菌。在意大利，所有生物制剂接触病例中约70-80%是由医疗程序中使用的针头或其他锐器造成的伤害所致。这些事故给医疗机构带来了沉重的经济负担。事实上，据估计每次事件的成本约为375欧元。多项研究表明，采用预防针刺装置可减少职业性生物风险暴露。在监管层面，意大利第81/08号和第19/14号立法令规定了保护医护人员免受致病因子生物暴露的措施。
