Defect Sites in Ultrathin Pd Nanowires Facilitate the Highly Efficient Electrochemical Hydrodechlorination of Pollutants by H*.

Adsorbed atomic H (H*) facilitates indirect pathways playing a major role in the electrochemical removal of various priority pollutants. It is crucial to identify the atomic sites responsible for the provision of H*. Herein, through a systematic study of the distribution of H* on Pd nanocatalysts with different sizes and, more importantly, deliberately controlled relative abundance of surface defects, we uncovered the central role of defects in the provision of H*. Specifically, the H* generated on Pd in an electrochemical process increased markedly upon introducing defect sites by changing the morphology to ultrathin polycrystalline Pd nanowires (NWs), while dramatically reducing upon decreasing the number of surface defects through an annealing treatment. Benefiting from a proportion of H* up to 40% of the total H* species, the Pd NWs showed an electrochemical active surface area normalized rate constant of 13.8 ± 0.8 h m, which is 8-9 times higher than its Pd/C counterparts. The pivotal role of defect sites for the generation of H* was further verified by blocking such sites with Rh and Pt atoms, while theoretical calculation also confirms that the adsorption energy of H* on these sites is much higher than that on the Pd{111} facet.