Key Laboratory of Rubber Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, 571737, China.
Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Physiol Plant. 2019 Jun;166(2):612-627. doi: 10.1111/ppl.12808. Epub 2018 Sep 28.
Five TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1)/CENTRORADIALIS (CEN)-like genes were isolated and characterized from rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). All genes, except HbCEN1, were found to have conserved genomic organization, characteristic of the phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family. Overexpression of all of them delayed flowering and altered flower architecture compared with the wild-type (wt) counterpart. In addition, as premature-flowering of the terminal bud was successfully overcome in the tfl1-1 mutant of Arabidopsis, all these genes have a potential function similar to TFL1. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed higher expressions of HbCEN1 and HbCEN2 in the shoot apices and stems of both immature and mature rubber trees than in reproductive organs. HbTFL1-1 and HbTFL1-2 expression was confined to roots of 3-month-old seedlings and HbTFL1-3 was significantly higher in the shoot apices of these seedlings. These results suggested that HbCEN1 and HbCEN2 could be associated with the development of vegetative growth, whereas HbTFL1-1, HbTFL1-2 and HbTFL1-3 seem to be mainly related with maintenance of juvenility. In addition, four of the five genes displayed variable diurnal expression, HbTFL1-1 and HbTFL1-3 being mainly expressed during the night whereas HbCEN1 and HbCEN2 showed irregular diurnal rhythms.
从橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis）中分离并鉴定了 5 个终端花 1（TFL1）/中心（CEN）样基因。除了 HbCEN1 之外，所有基因都被发现具有保守的基因组组织，这是磷酯乙醇胺结合蛋白（PEBP）家族的特征。与野生型（wt）相比，它们的过表达都延迟了开花时间并改变了花的结构。此外，由于拟南芥 tfl1-1 突变体中顶端芽的早熟开花得到了克服，因此所有这些基因都具有类似于 TFL1 的潜在功能。定量逆转录聚合酶链反应分析显示，HbCEN1 和 HbCEN2 在未成熟和成熟橡胶树的茎尖和茎中的表达高于生殖器官。HbTFL1-1 和 HbTFL1-2 的表达仅限于 3 个月龄幼苗的根，而这些幼苗的茎尖中 HbTFL1-3 的表达明显更高。这些结果表明，HbCEN1 和 HbCEN2 可能与营养生长的发育有关，而 HbTFL1-1、HbTFL1-2 和 HbTFL1-3 似乎主要与保持幼态有关。此外，这 5 个基因中的 4 个表现出可变的昼夜表达，HbTFL1-1 和 HbTFL1-3 主要在夜间表达，而 HbCEN1 和 HbCEN2 则表现出不规则的昼夜节律。
