对神经和眼科健康的猫进行威胁反应评估。
Assessment of menace response in neurologically and ophthalmologically healthy cats.
作者信息
Quitt Pia R, Reese Sven, Fischer Andrea, Bertram Simon, Tauber Clara, Matiasek Lara
机构信息
1 Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
2 Department of Clinical Science and Services, Veterinary Neurology and Neurosurgery, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK.
出版信息
J Feline Med Surg. 2019 Jun;21(6):537-543. doi: 10.1177/1098612X18788890. Epub 2018 Aug 3.
OBJECTIVES
Assessment and interpretation of menace response (MeR) in cats can be challenging. The prevalence of abnormal MeR in healthy cats is unknown. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate MeR in visually healthy cats.
METHODS
Fifty cats without history or clinical evidence of neurological or ophthalmological disease were assessed by two examiners: standing behind the cat (mode A), in front of the cat (mode B), and in front of the cat, covering the contralateral eye (mode C). MeR was scored from 1-5 (absent, weak, moderate, strong, complete). Examination modes were compared concerning presence and score (descriptive statistic, 95% confidence interval, χ test). This was compared to a three-level scoring system (negative, reduced, positive). Score reproducibility between the two examiners was assessed (Cohen's kappa [κ] test). Video footage allowed self-re-evaluation and evaluation of the second examiner (κ analysis). Learning/tiring effect (McNemar test), influence of age, body weight (Spearman's rho test), skull type (χ test) and being an indoor or outdoor cat (Mann-Whitney U-test) were evaluated.
RESULTS
MeR was always elicited with at least one technique. Comparable results were obtained with the five- and three-level scoring systems. Mode A achieved strong/complete (positive) MeR in 84.5%, mode B in 82% and mode C in 60%. Exact score reproducibility between the two examiners was slight to fair (κ = 0.208-0.281). Intrarater agreement for video self-assessment (κ = 0.544-0.639), as well as inter-rater agreement (extrinsic video assessment), was moderate to substantial (κ = 0.584-0.645). No learning/tiring effect ( P = 0.530) or association with body weight ( P = 0.897), age ( P = 0.724), skull type ( P >0.05) and being an indoor/outdoor cat ( P = 0.511) were evident.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The majority of visually healthy cats revealed a strong/complete MeR when the contralateral eye remained uncovered, but 40% failed when the contralateral eye was covered. The most reliable examination mode was achieved standing behind the cat.
目的
评估和解读猫的威胁反应（MeR）可能具有挑战性。健康猫中异常MeR的患病率尚不清楚。本研究的目的是前瞻性评估视觉健康猫的MeR。
方法
由两名检查者对50只无神经或眼科疾病病史及临床证据的猫进行评估：站在猫身后（模式A）、在猫前方（模式B）以及在猫前方并遮盖对侧眼睛（模式C）。MeR的评分从1至5分（无、弱、中等、强、完全）。比较各检查模式下MeR的存在情况和评分（描述性统计、95%置信区间、χ检验）。将此与三级评分系统（阴性、减弱、阳性）进行比较。评估两名检查者之间评分的可重复性（Cohen's kappa[κ]检验）。视频记录允许进行自我重新评估和对第二名检查者的评估（κ分析）。评估学习/疲劳效应（McNemar检验）、年龄、体重（Spearman秩相关检验）、头骨类型（χ检验）以及猫是室内还是室外饲养（Mann-Whitney U检验）的影响。
结果
至少用一种技术总能引出MeR。五级和三级评分系统得到了可比的结果。模式A在84.5%的猫中引出了强/完全（阳性）MeR，模式B为82%，模式C为60%。两名检查者之间确切的评分可重复性为轻度至中度（κ = 0.208 - 0.281）。视频自我评估的评分者内一致性（κ = 0.544 - 0.639）以及评分者间一致性（外部视频评估）为中度至高度（κ = 0.584 - 0.645）。未发现学习/疲劳效应（P = 0.530）或与体重（P = 0.897）、年龄（P = 0.724）、头骨类型（P > 0.05）以及猫是室内还是室外饲养（P = 0.511）有关。
结论及意义
大多数视觉健康的猫在对侧眼睛未被遮盖时表现出强/完全的MeR，但当对侧眼睛被遮盖时，40%的猫反应失败。最可靠的检查模式是站在猫身后。
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