The University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Statistics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Department of Integrative Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Statistics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350 København K, Denmark.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2018 Dec;53:77-82. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.07.003. Epub 2018 Aug 1.
Modern humans inhabit most of earth's harshest environments and display a wide array of lifestyles. Biological adaptations, in addition to technological innovations, have enabled these geographical and cultural explorations. The study of these adaptations helps not only to fundamentally understand our evolution as a species, but also may have increasing relevance as genomics transforms fields such as personalized medicine. Here we review three cultural and environmental shifts that have brought about adaptations in modern humans; the arctic, high altitudes, and a subsistence dependent on breath-hold diving.
现代人居住在地球大部分恶劣环境中，并展现出各种各样的生活方式。除了技术创新外，生物适应也使这些地理和文化探索成为可能。这些适应的研究不仅有助于从根本上理解我们作为一个物种的进化，而且随着基因组学改变个性化医疗等领域，它可能具有越来越重要的意义。在这里，我们回顾了三种使现代人适应的文化和环境变化：北极、高海拔和依赖闭气潜水的生存方式。
