人类局部适应的基因组学。

The Genomics of Human Local Adaptation.

机构信息

UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.

Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; UCL Genomics, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.

出版信息

Trends Genet. 2020 Jun;36(6):415-428. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.03.006. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

DOI:10.1016/j.tig.2020.03.006

PMID:32396835

Abstract

Modern humans inhabit a variety of environments and are exposed to a plethora of selective pressures, leading to multiple genetic adaptations to local environmental conditions. These include adaptations to climate, UV exposure, disease, diet, altitude, or cultural practice and have generated important genetic and phenotypic differences amongst populations. In recent years, new methods to identify the genomic signatures of natural selection underlying these adaptations, combined with novel types of genetic data (e.g., ancient DNA), have provided unprecedented insights into the origin of adaptive alleles and the modes of adaptation. As a result, numerous instances of local adaptation have been identified in humans. Here, we review the most exciting recent developments and discuss, in our view, the future of this field.

摘要

现代人居住在各种环境中，并面临着大量的选择压力，导致对当地环境条件的多种遗传适应。这些适应包括对气候、紫外线暴露、疾病、饮食、海拔或文化实践的适应，并且在人群中产生了重要的遗传和表型差异。近年来，识别这些适应背后的自然选择基因组特征的新方法，结合新型遗传数据（例如，古代 DNA），为适应等位基因的起源和适应模式提供了前所未有的见解。因此，在人类中已经确定了许多局部适应的实例。在这里，我们回顾了最近最令人兴奋的发展，并根据我们的观点讨论了该领域的未来。