Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019 Feb 1;14(2):239-245. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0359. Epub 2019 Jan 2.
To investigate changes in physiological and performance variables in triathletes following a 4-wk period of reduced training volume and increased training intensity.
Sixteen moderately trained triathletes were randomly allocated to 2 groups: a control (CON) group, which followed their usual training, or a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) group, which completed 2 HIIT sessions per week during 4 wk of reduced training volume Results: Maximal oxygen consumption (VOmax) increased significantly in the HIIT group (P = .03, d = 0.5) but remained unchanged in the CON group. Cycling power at first and second ventilatory thresholds increased significantly in the HIIT subjects (P = .03, d = 1.0) and was unchanged in the CON participants (P = .57). During the simulated triathlon test, pretest-posttest cycling times and average power were unchanged in both groups (P > .05). No significant interactive effects between groups were observed for running time (P = .50).
After a 4-wk HIIT program, VOmax and power at first and second ventilatory thresholds were found to have increased significantly while cycling and running performance were unchanged, despite an overall reduction in training time. In the present study, performance was only shown to improve with usual (high-volume) training. Summarizing, in order to improve running or cycling performances, high-volume training programs are highly recommended.
研究在减少训练量和增加训练强度的 4 周期间，铁人三项运动员的生理和表现变量的变化。
16 名中等训练水平的铁人三项运动员被随机分配到 2 组：对照组（CON），按照他们的常规训练进行；高强度间歇训练组（HIIT），在 4 周的减少训练量期间每周完成 2 次 HIIT 训练。
HIIT 组的最大摄氧量（VOmax）显著增加（P = .03，d = 0.5），而对照组则保持不变。HIIT 组的第一和第二通气阈值的自行车功率显著增加（P = .03，d = 1.0），而对照组的参与者则保持不变（P = .57）。在模拟铁人三项测试中，两组的自行车测试时间和平均功率在预测试和后测试中均未发生变化（P > .05）。两组之间的跑步时间没有观察到显著的交互作用（P = .50）。
在 4 周的 HIIT 计划后，发现 VOmax 和第一和第二通气阈值的功率显著增加，而自行车和跑步的表现保持不变，尽管总的训练时间减少了。在本研究中，只有常规（高容量）训练才能提高表现。总之，为了提高跑步或自行车的表现，强烈推荐高容量的训练计划。
