Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a frequent complication in the rehabilitation setting which consists of the formation of mature, lamellar bone in the extraskeletal soft tissue where bone does not usually exist. Patient populations at risk of developing HO are those with burns, stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic amputation, joint replacement, and traumatic brain injury (TBI). There are other genetic causes of HO such as fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy and progressive osseous heteroplasia that are not related to rehabilitation complications and will not be discussed here.
异位骨化（HO）是康复过程中常见的并发症，其表现为在通常不存在骨骼的骨骼外软组织中形成成熟的板层骨。有发生HO风险的患者群体包括烧伤、中风、脊髓损伤（SCI）、创伤性截肢、关节置换和创伤性脑损伤（TBI）患者。HO还有其他遗传病因，如进行性骨化性纤维发育不良、奥尔布赖特遗传性骨营养不良和进行性骨组织异常增生，这些与康复并发症无关，本文将不做讨论。
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