State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics , Fudan University , Shanghai 200438 , China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , Hubei 430071 , China.
J Proteome Res. 2018 Sep 7;17(9):3223-3236. doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00349. Epub 2018 Aug 23.
Fruits of Lycium ruthenicum (LR) and L. barbarum (LB) in Solanaceae family contain abundant bioactive metabolites used widely as functional food and natural medicine. To characterize the fruit developmental molecular phenotypes, we comprehensively analyzed metabolite composition of both Lycium fruits at three developmental stages using the combined NMR, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector/mass spectrometry methods. The metabonomes of these fruits were dominated by over 90 metabolites including sugars, amino acids, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, fatty acids, choline metabolites, and shikimate-mediated plant secondary metabolites. Metabolic phenotypes of two species differed significantly at all three developmental stages; LB fruits contained significantly more sugars and amino acids but less TCA cycle intermediates, fatty acids, and secondary metabolites than LR. Interspecies differences for fatty acid levels were much greater after color-breaking than precolor-breaking. Furthermore, LR fruits contained more osmolytes than LB fruits indicating different osmoregulation requirements for these fruits during development. Significant differences were also present in biosynthesis of shikimate-mediated plant secondary metabolites in LR and LB. These findings provided essential metabolic information for plant physiology of these Lycium species and their utilizations demonstrating the usefulness of this metabonomic phenotyping approach for studying fundamental biochemistry of the plant development.
茄科枸杞属植物黑果枸杞（LR）和宁夏枸杞（LB）的果实含有丰富的生物活性代谢物，广泛用作功能性食品和天然药物。为了研究果实发育的分子表型，我们采用 NMR、LC-MS/MS 和 GC-FID/MS 联用的方法，综合分析了这两种枸杞在三个发育阶段的果实代谢产物组成。这些果实的代谢组学主要由 90 多种代谢产物组成，包括糖、氨基酸、三羧酸（TCA）循环中间产物、脂肪酸、胆碱代谢物和莽草酸介导的植物次生代谢物。在所有三个发育阶段，两种果实的代谢表型差异显著；LB 果实中的糖和氨基酸含量显著高于 LR，而 TCA 循环中间产物、脂肪酸和次生代谢物含量较低。果实转色后，脂肪酸水平的种间差异比转色前大得多。此外，LR 果实中的渗透调节剂比 LB 果实多，表明这两种果实发育过程中的渗透压调节要求不同。LR 和 LB 中莽草酸介导的植物次生代谢物的生物合成也存在显著差异。这些发现为这些枸杞属植物的生理学提供了重要的代谢信息，也为它们的利用提供了依据，表明代谢组学表型分析方法在研究植物发育的基本生物化学方面具有重要意义。
