Battel Irene, Calvo Irene, Walshe Margaret
Department of Clinical Speech and Language Studies, University of Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa Cura Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2018;70(3-4):117-123. doi: 10.1159/000490792. Epub 2018 Aug 8.
Outcome measures and scales translated into other languages according to conventions are important for international clinical research in dysphagia. Typically, assessments and scales are translated locally without cultural adaptation and validation. The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is widely used in dysphagia research and clinical practice in English-speaking countries. Nevertheless, it is not available in Italian. The aim of this study was to translate the FOIS into Italian and validate it, allowing the FOIS to be available to speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and clinicians working with individuals with dysphagia in Italy. The FOIS was translated following 5 stages of cross-cultural adaptations. This involved (1) translation from English to Italian, (2) synthesis and solution of discrepancies between translators, (3) back-translation from Italian to English, (4) expert revisions, and (5) pretesting. To validate the translated scale, 10 SLPs were recruited from 3 different facilities across Italy. A questionnaire containing similar information to the FOIS and the Italian version of the FOIS (FOIS-It) was completed by SLPs for 227 people with dysphagia; the correlation was high (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.99). Interrater reliability, calculated for 2 blinded SLPs completing scales for 30 patients, was excellent (ICC = 0.99). In conclusion, the FOIS-It is now available for use in clinical practice and research studies in Italy.
根据惯例翻译成其他语言的结果测量指标和量表对于吞咽困难的国际临床研究很重要。通常，评估和量表在当地翻译时没有进行文化调适和验证。功能性经口摄食量表（FOIS）在英语国家的吞咽困难研究和临床实践中被广泛使用。然而，意大利语版本却没有。本研究的目的是将FOIS翻译成意大利语并进行验证，以便意大利的言语治疗师（SLP）和治疗吞咽困难患者的临床医生能够使用FOIS。FOIS按照跨文化调适的5个阶段进行翻译。这包括（1）从英语翻译成意大利语，（2）综合并解决翻译者之间的差异，（3）从意大利语回译成英语，（4）专家修订，以及（5）预测试。为了验证翻译后的量表，从意大利各地3个不同机构招募了10名言语治疗师。言语治疗师为227名吞咽困难患者填写了一份包含与FOIS及FOIS意大利语版本（FOIS-It）类似信息的问卷；相关性很高（组内相关系数[ICC]=0.99）。为30名患者填写量表的2名盲法言语治疗师计算得出的评分者间信度极佳（ICC=0.99）。总之，FOIS-It现在可用于意大利的临床实践和研究。
