Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland/Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Mult Scler. 2018 Oct;24(11):1399-1412. doi: 10.1177/1352458518791680. Epub 2018 Aug 9.
Positron emission tomography (PET) gives an opportunity to quantitate the expression of specific molecular targets in vivo and longitudinally in brain and thus enhances our possibilities to understand and follow up multiple sclerosis (MS)-related pathology. For successful PET imaging, one needs a relevant target molecule within the brain, to which a blood-brain barrier-penetrating specific radioligand will bind. 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO)-binding radioligands have been used to detect activated microglial cells at different stages of MS, and remyelination has been measured using amyloid PET. Several PET ligands for the detection of other inflammatory targets, besides TSPO, have been developed but not yet been used for imaging MS patients. Finally, synaptic density evaluation has been successfully tested in human subjects and gives opportunities for the evaluation of the development of cortical and deep gray matter pathology in MS. This review will discuss PET imaging modalities relevant for MS today.
正电子发射断层扫描（PET）使我们有机会在体内对特定的分子靶标进行定量，并对大脑进行纵向研究，从而增强了我们对多发性硬化症（MS）相关病理学的理解和监测能力。为了成功进行 PET 成像，需要在大脑内有一个相关的靶分子，这个靶分子能够与穿透血脑屏障的特异性放射性配体结合。18kDa 转位蛋白（TSPO）结合放射性配体已被用于检测 MS 不同阶段的活化小胶质细胞，淀粉样 PET 用于测量髓鞘再生。除了 TSPO 之外，已经开发了几种用于检测其他炎症靶标的 PET 配体，但尚未用于 MS 患者的成像。最后，突触密度评估已在人体中成功测试，为评估 MS 患者皮质和深部灰质病理学的发展提供了机会。本文将讨论目前与 MS 相关的 PET 成像方式。
