Programa de Pós-Graduação em Recursos Naturais (PGRN), Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), Rod. Dourados Itahum km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais (FCBA), Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Rod. Dourados Itahum km 12, Dourados, MS, 79804-970, Brazil.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2018 Oct;75(3):476-485. doi: 10.1007/s00244-018-0551-9. Epub 2018 Aug 10.
The streams and rivers of the Upper Paraná River Basin have been seriously affected by impacts of high population density around the basin area. Fishes are widely used as models to assess the health of aquatic ecosystems, being considered as bioindicators of environmental pollution. In this context, our objective was to assess the potential genotoxic and mutagenic effects of the polluted water in three native fish species (Astyanax lacustris, Hypostomus ancistroides, and Rhamdia quelen) from Tarumã Microbasin, Upper Paraná River, Brazil. We also investigated the concentration of metals in water and in fish muscle to verify bioavailability and bioaccumulation of metals. For both less impacted sites (LI) and impacted sites (IMP) of the microbasin, the concentrations of metals were above the maximum limit allowed by Brazilian legislation (Resolution CONAMA 357/2005), except for Pb, total Cr, and Cu at LI sites and total Cr at IMP sites. A. lacustris showed a higher frequency of micronuclei (MN) at IMP sites compared with LI sites (p < 0.0001). We found no significant differences in MN frequency between site classes for H. ancistroides and R. quelen (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between site classes regarding to nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes frequencies (p > 0.05). A. lacustris from IMP sites had higher concentrations of Pb, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Ni in muscle tissue (p < 0.05), whereas H. ancistroides from IMP sites had higher concentration of Cr, Cu, and Ni (p < 0.0001) and R. quelen showed higher concentration of Cd, Fe, and Ni at these sites (p < 0.0001). So, the chosen biomarkers are able to identify the environmental risk of the water pollution.
上巴拉那河流域的河流和溪流受到流域周边地区高密度人口的严重影响。鱼类被广泛用作评估水生生态系统健康状况的模型，被认为是环境污染的生物指标。在这种情况下，我们的目的是评估巴西图拉马微流域三种本地鱼类（Astyanax lacustris、Hypostomus ancistroides 和 Rhamdia quelen）受污染水的潜在遗传毒性和诱变效应。我们还调查了水中和鱼类肌肉中的金属浓度，以验证金属的生物利用度和生物积累。对于微流域受影响较小的位点 (LI) 和受影响的位点 (IMP)，金属浓度均超过了巴西法规 (CONAMA 357/2005 号决议) 允许的最大限量，除了 LI 位点的 Pb、总 Cr 和 Cu 以及 IMP 位点的总 Cr。与 LI 位点相比，IMP 位点的 A. lacustris 显示出更高的微核 (MN) 频率 (p < 0.0001)。我们发现 H. ancistroides 和 R. quelen 在不同位点类别之间的 MN 频率没有显著差异 (p > 0.05)。不同位点类别之间红细胞核异常频率没有显著差异 (p > 0.05)。IMP 位点的 A. lacustris 肌肉组织中 Pb、Cu、Fe、Zn 和 Ni 浓度较高 (p < 0.05)，而 IMP 位点的 H. ancistroides 中 Cr、Cu 和 Ni 浓度较高 (p < 0.0001)，R. quelen 则显示出这些位点的 Cd、Fe 和 Ni 浓度较高 (p < 0.0001)。因此，所选生物标志物能够识别水污染的环境风险。
