da Silva Cleber Pinto, da Silveira Estevan Luiz, Seremeta Daniele Cristina Hass, Dos Santos Matos Danilo Gabriel, Vaz-Dos-Santos André Martins, de Campos Sandro Xavier
Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, PR, 84030-900, Brazil.
Sclerochronology Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Palotina, PR, 85950-000, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Jul;28(28):38434-38447. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13420-9. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Natural rates of metal mobilization and deposition in terrestrial and aquatic environments have been changed due to anthropic activities, exposing the native biota to dangerous effects related to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation of metals. This study assessed the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu, Mn, Co, and Zn in the water and riverbed sediment samples from the Verde River basin (VR), and in tissue samples from two native fishes, the Psalidodon paranae, a VR inhabitant, and the Psalidodon aff. fasciatus, a migratory species. Arithmetic mean values of metal concentrations recorded in waters were Cr: 46.16, Ni: 40.29, Cd 43.19, Pb: 57.74, Cu: 63.72, Mn: 98.36, Co: 64.53, Zn: 81.19, while for riverbed sediments were Cr: 11.84, Ni: 10.52, Cd: 7.14, Pb: 15.00, Cu: 22.16, Mn: 334.77, Co: 24.62, Zn: 434.44. For several analyzed samples, metal concentrations found were higher than Brazilian and international limits set for healthy aquatic life and human uses. Analyzed fish tissues also presented metal concentrations higher than Brazilian and international limits set, indicating a high ecological and health risk for the region. Psalidodon paranae showed affinity to bioconcentrate Pb, Zn, and Cd, while Psalidodon. aff. fasciatus tended to bioconcentrate Ni, Zn, and Cr. Multivariate analyses revealed spatial and temporal patterns in the metal contaminations in VR. These patterns were associated with rural and urban activities developed along VR, which practice inadequate soil handling, indiscriminate use of agrochemicals, and the dumping of domestic garbage and untreated and treated sewage into the river. The implementation of public policies for biomonitoring and pollution control by metals in VR is essential to safeguard regional water resources and their biota.
由于人类活动，陆地和水生环境中金属的自然迁移和沉积速率发生了变化，使本地生物群暴露于与金属生物浓缩和生物积累相关的危险影响之下。本研究评估了佛得河流域（VR）水样和河床沉积物样本中铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）、镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、铜（Cu）、锰（Mn）、钴（Co）和锌（Zn）的浓度，以及两种本地鱼类组织样本中的金属浓度，这两种鱼类分别是VR流域的本地物种巴拉那准丽鱼（Psalidodon paranae）和洄游物种类带纹准丽鱼（Psalidodon aff. fasciatus）。水中记录的金属浓度算术平均值分别为：Cr：46.16、Ni：40.29、Cd：43.19、Pb：57.74、Cu：63.72、Mn：98.36、Co：64.53、Zn：81.19；河床沉积物中的金属浓度算术平均值分别为：Cr：11.84、Ni：10.52、Cd：7.14、Pb：15.00、Cu：22.16、Mn：334.77、Co：24.62、Zn：434.44。对于几个分析样本，所发现的金属浓度高于巴西和国际设定的健康水生生物及人类使用的限值。分析的鱼类组织中的金属浓度也高于巴西和国际设定的限值，表明该地区存在高生态和健康风险。巴拉那准丽鱼显示出对Pb、Zn和Cd有生物浓缩亲和力，而类带纹准丽鱼倾向于生物浓缩Ni、Zn和Cr。多变量分析揭示了VR流域金属污染的空间和时间模式。这些模式与沿VR流域开展的农村和城市活动有关，这些活动存在土壤处理不当、滥用农用化学品以及向河流倾倒生活垃圾和未经处理及处理后的污水的情况。实施VR流域金属生物监测和污染控制的公共政策对于保护区域水资源及其生物群至关重要。
