Federal Environment Agency, Section Drinking Water Treatment, Schichauweg 58, D-12307, Berlin, Germany.
Federal Environment Agency, Section Microbiological Risks, Corrensplatz 1, D-14197, Berlin, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2018 Sep;221(8):1124-1132. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.07.010. Epub 2018 Aug 8.
New disinfection procedures are being developed and proposed for use in drinking-water production. Authorising their use requires an effective test strategy that can simulate conditions in practice. For this purpose, we developed a test rig working in a flow-through mode similar to the disinfection procedures in waterworks, but under tightly defined conditions, including very short contact times. To quantify the influence of DOC, temperature and pH on the efficacy of two standard disinfectants, chlorine and chlorine dioxide, simulated use tests were systematically performed. This test rig enabled quantitative comparison of the reduction of four test organisms, two viruses and two bacteria, in response to disinfection. Chlorine was substantially more effective against Enterococcus faecium than chlorine dioxide whereas the latter was more effective against the bacteriophage MS2, especially at pH values of >7.5 at which chlorine efficacies already decline. Contrary to expectation, bacteria were not generally reduced more quickly than viruses. Overall, the results confirm a high efficacy of chlorine and chlorine dioxide, validating them as standard disinfectants for assessing the efficacy of new disinfectants. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that the test rig is an appropriate tool for testing new disinfectants as well as disinfection procedures.
正在开发新的消毒程序并提议用于饮用水生产。授权使用这些程序需要一种有效的测试策略，该策略可以模拟实际中的条件。为此，我们开发了一种工作在类似于水厂消毒程序的流通模式下的测试设备，但在非常严格定义的条件下，包括非常短的接触时间。为了量化 DOC、温度和 pH 值对两种标准消毒剂（氯和二氧化氯）功效的影响，我们系统地进行了模拟使用测试。该测试设备能够定量比较四种测试生物（两种病毒和两种细菌）对消毒的响应情况。与二氧化氯相比，氯对粪肠球菌的效果要强得多，而后者对噬菌体 MS2 的效果要强得多，特别是在 pH 值>7.5 时，氯的功效已经下降。与预期相反，细菌的减少速度通常并不比病毒快。总的来说，这些结果证实了氯和二氧化氯的高效性，验证了它们作为评估新型消毒剂功效的标准消毒剂的合理性。此外，这些数据表明，该测试设备是测试新型消毒剂以及消毒程序的合适工具。
