Vascular Protection Research Laboratory, Department of Health & Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota.
J Strength Cond Res. 2021 Mar 1;35(3):811-818. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002769.
Weihl, FM and Van Guilder, GP. Endothelial vasodilation after a high-volume training load and tapered training in collegiate female swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 811-818, 2021-High-volume endurance training loads have been linked to adverse remodeling of the heart and large arteries; yet, data on the vascular endothelial function are unclear. Moreover, although collegiate-level endurance athletes often perform high-volumes of vigorous endurance training and resistance training as part of their strength and conditioning programs, it is unknown whether they also experience vascular abnormalities, particularly changes in endothelial function. The aim of this study was to verify the impact of a high-volume training load phase followed by low-volume tapered training on endothelial vasodilator function in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I competitive female swimmers. Microvascular endothelial vasodilation was assessed by pulse arterial tonometry that provides a reactive hyperemia index in 10 female NCAA Division 1 swimmers after 4 weeks of a high-volume training load, and subsequently, after 3 weeks of low-volume tapered training as part of preparation for annual conference championships. The reactive hyperemia index was calculated as the ratio of the pulse volume amplitude after 5 minutes of left-arm brachial artery ischemia to the baseline amplitude, divided by same ratio in the contralateral arm. The high-volume training load included a 4-week block of dual-day sessions (120 minutes per practice) consisting of vigorous intensity endurance and high-intensity interval/sprint swim training, coupled with 5K running, resistance training, and Olympic weightlifting. Tapered training consisted of 3 weeks of 3-5 swims per week at ∼50% V̇o2max for 60 minutes per practice (∼4,000 minutes per practice). The reactive hyperemia index (1.73 ± 0.50) was low in athletes after the high-volume training load with 8 athletes demonstrating endothelial dysfunction. However, after tapered training, the reactive hyperemia index was ∼33% higher (2.29 ± 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98-2.60, p = 0.0223 vs. the high-volume training load). Effect size, as expressed by the partial eta2 (0.46) and Cohen's dz (1.1923; 95% CI: 0.1687-2.4643) with tapered training, was large. These results demonstrate distinct differences in endothelial vasodilation after 4 weeks of a high-volume training load compared with a 3-week taper in NCAA Division I female swimmers.
魏尔、FM 和范·吉尔德、GP。高容量训练负荷和大学女子游泳运动员的渐减训练后内皮血管舒张。J 力量与条件研究 35(3):811-818，2021-高容量耐力训练负荷与心脏和大动脉的不良重塑有关;然而，关于血管内皮功能的数据尚不清楚。此外，尽管大学水平的耐力运动员经常作为他们的力量和体能训练计划的一部分进行高容量的剧烈耐力训练和阻力训练，但尚不清楚他们是否也会出现血管异常，特别是内皮功能的变化。本研究旨在验证高容量训练负荷阶段后进行低容量渐减训练对美国大学生体育协会(NCAA)一级女子游泳运动员微血管内皮舒张功能的影响。通过脉搏动脉张力测定来评估微血管内皮舒张功能，该测定在 10 名 NCAA 一级女子游泳运动员进行 4 周高容量训练负荷后和随后的 3 周低容量渐减训练后提供反应性充血指数，作为年度会议锦标赛的准备。反应性充血指数的计算方法是左前臂肱动脉缺血后 5 分钟的脉搏体积幅度与基线幅度的比值，除以对侧手臂的相同比值。高容量训练负荷包括 4 周的双日训练(每次练习 120 分钟)，包括剧烈强度耐力和高强度间歇/冲刺游泳训练，以及 5K 跑步、阻力训练和奥林匹克举重。渐减训练包括每周 3-5 次游泳，每次约 50%最大摄氧量(V̇o2max)，每次练习 60 分钟(每次练习约 4000 分钟)。高容量训练负荷后，运动员的反应性充血指数(1.73±0.50)较低，其中 8 名运动员表现出内皮功能障碍。然而，渐减训练后，反应性充血指数提高了约 33%(2.29±0.43;95%置信区间[CI]:1.98-2.60，p=0.0223 与高容量训练负荷相比)。以渐减训练表示的偏 eta2(0.46)和 Cohen 的 dz(1.1923;95%CI:0.1687-2.4643)的效应大小较大。这些结果表明，在 NCAA 一级女子游泳运动员中，高容量训练负荷 4 周后与 3 周渐减训练后内皮血管舒张有明显差异。
