Laboratory for Drug Delivery and Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Kitchener, Ontatio, Canada.
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018 Dec;104(6):1074-1081. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1212. Epub 2018 Sep 24.
Efforts in developing an effective vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been challenging as HIV strains are highly variable and exhibit extraordinary mutability. Despite condom usage and pre-exposure prophylaxis as excellent prevention strategies, lack of accessibility in some developing countries and low adherence due to sociocultural factors continue to act as barriers in reducing the HIV epidemic. Microbicides are topical therapies developed to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections during intercourse. Microbicides applied vaginally or rectally are intended to prevent HIV infection at the site of transmission by either inhibiting its entry into immune cells or prevent viral replication. This review will summarize some of the current state-of-the-art microbicide formulations that are in preclinical and clinical stages of development and discuss some of the challenges associated with microbicide development.
开发有效预防人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）疫苗的工作极具挑战性，因为 HIV 毒株高度多变，具有极强的变异性。尽管使用避孕套和暴露前预防是极好的预防策略，但一些发展中国家缺乏可及性，以及由于社会文化因素导致的低依从性，仍然是减少 HIV 流行的障碍。杀微生物剂是为预防 HIV 和其他性传播感染而开发的局部治疗方法。阴道或直肠应用的杀微生物剂旨在通过抑制其进入免疫细胞或阻止病毒复制来预防传播部位的 HIV 感染。本文综述了一些处于临床前和临床开发阶段的最新杀微生物剂配方，并讨论了与杀微生物剂开发相关的一些挑战。
