Department of Public Health, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Travel Clinic, University of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
J Travel Med. 2018 Jan 1;25(1). doi: 10.1093/jtm/tay064.
Despite the continuing growth of international tourism, very little research has been done on the link between individual risk attitudes and health behaviours during travel. Our study uses a validated risk-taking questionnaire Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale (DOSPERT) and data from a smartphone application to study the association between pre-travel risk attitudes and the occurrence of behaviours during travel.
A prospective cohort of travellers to Thailand used a smartphone application to answer a daily questionnaire about health behaviours and events. Prior to travel, participants completed the DOSPERT, a validated 30-item scale that assesses risk-taking and perception in five content domains: financial decisions, health/safety, recreational, ethical and social decisions. Multiple linear regression models were used to model the relationship between DOSPERT risk-taking subdomain score and health behaviour.
Of the 75 travellers that completed the study, 70 (93.3%) completed the DOSPERT pre-travel. Men, backpackers and young travellers reported a higher willingness to take recreational risks than women, luxury travellers and older travellers. Incidence of drug and alcohol risk behaviours during travel, itching from mosquitoes, smoking and failing to use a seatbelt in automobiles while at home were all significantly associated with an individual's score on the health and safety DOSPERT subdomain.
In our study, individual scores on risk-taking in the health and safety subdomain of the DOSPERT questionnaire seem to be predictive of health behaviours both during travel and at home. By pairing new methods of data collection with questionnaires such as DOSPERT that identify key traveller characteristics to intervene on, travel medicine doctors will be able to provide more specialised health advice, ensuring that all travellers receive well-rounded advice about the full range of health challenges they will face during travel.
尽管国际旅游业持续增长，但对于个体风险态度与旅行期间健康行为之间的关系，研究甚少。本研究使用经过验证的风险倾向问卷——领域特定风险倾向量表（DOSPERT）和智能手机应用程序中的数据，研究旅行前风险态度与旅行期间行为发生之间的关联。
一项针对前往泰国的旅行者的前瞻性队列研究使用智能手机应用程序每天回答有关健康行为和事件的问卷。在旅行前，参与者完成了经过验证的 30 项量表 DOSPERT，该量表评估五个内容领域的风险承担和感知：财务决策、健康/安全、娱乐、道德和社会决策。采用多元线性回归模型来建立 DOSPERT 风险倾向子量表得分与健康行为之间的关系。
在完成研究的 75 名旅行者中，有 70 名（93.3%）旅行者完成了旅行前的 DOSPERT。男性、背包客和年轻旅行者比女性、豪华旅行者和老年旅行者更愿意承担娱乐风险。旅行期间药物和酒精风险行为、蚊虫叮咬引起的瘙痒、在家中吸烟和在汽车中不使用安全带的发生率与个体在健康和安全 DOSPERT 子量表上的得分显著相关。
在我们的研究中，DOSPERT 问卷中健康和安全子量表的个体风险承担得分似乎可以预测旅行期间和在家中的健康行为。通过将新的数据收集方法与 DOSPERT 等问卷结合使用，这些问卷可以识别关键旅行者特征以进行干预，旅行医学医生将能够提供更专业的健康建议，确保所有旅行者都能获得全面的健康建议，了解他们在旅行期间将面临的各种健康挑战。
