Xiao Y
Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018 Aug 1;56(8):573-577. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2018.08.004.
Laparoscopic right colectomy by the rule of complete mesocolic excision is becoming a standard operation for right colon cancer. Intraoperative iatrogenic vascular injuries are rare but disastrous complications. In addition to the dissection along the embryonic plane, reducing iatrogenic bleeding is of crucial importance to safeguard the surgical procedure. Keeping the operative field clear by gentle suction to have a good exposure is essential to identify the origin of bleeding, and then to make decision how to control the bleeding by bipolar coagulation, clipping and transection, suturing or conversion to open surgery. For small bleeding, the grasping forceps with bipolar coagulation or clipping would usually be effective. When there is laceration locating on the stem of superior mesenteric vein or Henle trunk, suturing with 4-0 or 5-0 prolene monofilament is suggested. Self-saphenous graft or bridge is advised for stem stricture after suturing. The ileocolic vessels are most anatomically constant, but with a different relationship between the artery and the vein. The tributaries to form the Henle trunk vary quite often, and they usually have close relation to the middle colic vein. Right colic artery rarely arises from the superior mesenteric artery, and the right colic vein seldom drains into the superior mesenteric vein. Anatomical variations are commonly observed in the pancreaticoduodenal area, where bleeding happens frequently. Selecting an optimal laparoscopic approach and dissecting order, awareness of vascular variation, and understanding the anatomical configuration of superior mesenteric vessels and their tributaries are important to minimize the intraoperative iatrogenic injuries during the meticulous dissections.
按照完整系膜切除原则进行的腹腔镜右半结肠切除术正成为右半结肠癌的标准手术。术中医源性血管损伤虽罕见但却是灾难性的并发症。除了沿胚胎平面进行解剖外,减少医源性出血对于保障手术过程至关重要。通过轻柔吸引保持术野清晰以获得良好暴露对于确定出血来源至关重要,然后决定如何通过双极电凝、夹闭与横断、缝合或转为开放手术来控制出血。对于小出血,使用带双极电凝的抓钳或夹闭通常有效。当肠系膜上静脉主干或亨勒干出现裂伤时,建议用4-0或5-0普理灵单丝缝合。缝合后若出现主干狭窄,建议使用自体大隐静脉移植物或搭桥。回结肠血管在解剖学上最为恒定,但动脉与静脉的关系不同。形成亨勒干的分支常常变化,且它们通常与中结肠静脉关系密切。右结肠动脉很少发自肠系膜上动脉,右结肠静脉很少汇入肠系膜上静脉。在胰十二指肠区域常见解剖变异,该区域出血频繁。选择最佳的腹腔镜入路和解剖顺序、了解血管变异以及熟悉肠系膜上血管及其分支的解剖结构对于在精细解剖过程中尽量减少术中医源性损伤很重要。