Pearce Shane, Daneshmand Siamak
Institute of Urology, USC Keck/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, Suite 7416, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Curr Urol Rep. 2018 Aug 17;19(10):84. doi: 10.1007/s11934-018-0833-9.
Endoscopy coupled with targeted resections represents a cornerstone in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with bladder cancer. Direct visualization can be challenging and imprecise due to patient-, tumor-, and surgeon-specific factors. We will review contemporary endoscopic technologies and techniques used to improve our ability to safely identify and resect malignant lesions in patients with bladder cancer.
Enhanced endoscopic imaging technology may improve detection rates for bladder cancer throughout the upper and lower urinary tract, which may lead to improvements in recurrence and progression rates for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). New techniques including narrow-band imaging (NBI), photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), Storz Professional Image Enhancement System (SPIES), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and others have shown benefit and may further improve our ability to detect and stage bladder tumors. Enhanced endoscopy technologies have already demonstrated value in improving the sensitivity of bladder cancer detection and early results suggest they may improve short- and long-term oncologic outcomes.
内镜检查结合靶向切除是膀胱癌患者诊断、分期和治疗的基石。由于患者、肿瘤和外科医生的特定因素，直接可视化可能具有挑战性且不准确。我们将回顾当代内镜技术，这些技术用于提高我们安全识别和切除膀胱癌患者恶性病变的能力。
增强型内镜成像技术可能提高上尿路和下尿路膀胱癌的检出率，这可能会改善非肌层浸润性膀胱癌（NMIBC）的复发率和进展率。包括窄带成像（NBI）、光动力诊断（PDD）、史托斯专业图像增强系统（SPIES）、光学相干断层扫描（OCT）等新技术已显示出益处，并可能进一步提高我们检测和分期膀胱肿瘤的能力。增强型内镜技术已在提高膀胱癌检测敏感性方面显示出价值，早期结果表明它们可能改善短期和长期肿瘤学结局。
