Strategic Director, Surveillance Information Services, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
Epidemiologist, Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Jan;68(1):7-30. doi: 10.3322/caac.21442. Epub 2018 Jan 4.
Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2014, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2015, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2018, 1,735,350 new cancer cases and 609,640 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the cancer incidence rate (2005-2014) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% annually in men, while the cancer death rate (2006-2015) declined by about 1.5% annually in both men and women. The combined cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2015 by a total of 26%, translating to approximately 2,378,600 fewer cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Of the 10 leading causes of death, only cancer declined from 2014 to 2015. In 2015, the cancer death rate was 14% higher in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) than non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) overall (death rate ratio [DRR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.13-1.15), but the racial disparity was much larger for individuals aged <65 years (DRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.29-1.32) compared with those aged ≥65 years (DRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09) and varied substantially by state. For example, the cancer death rate was lower in NHBs than NHWs in Massachusetts for all ages and in New York for individuals aged ≥65 years, whereas for those aged <65 years, it was 3 times higher in NHBs in the District of Columbia (DRR, 2.89; 95% CI, 2.16-3.91) and about 50% higher in Wisconsin (DRR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.56-2.02), Kansas (DRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.25-1.81), Louisiana (DRR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.38-1.60), Illinois (DRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.39-1.57), and California (DRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.38-1.54). Larger racial inequalities in young and middle-aged adults probably partly reflect less access to high-quality health care. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:7-30. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
每年，美国癌症协会都会预估美国新癌症病例和死亡人数，并汇编最新的癌症发病率、死亡率和生存率数据。发病率数据可追溯到 2014 年，由监测、流行病学和最终结果计划、国家癌症登记处计划和北美中央癌症登记处协会收集。死亡率数据可追溯到 2015 年，由国家卫生统计中心收集。2018 年，预计美国将有 1735350 例新癌症病例和 609640 例癌症死亡。在过去十年的数据中，女性的癌症发病率（2005-2014 年）保持稳定，男性每年下降约 2%，而癌症死亡率（2006-2015 年）在男性和女性中每年下降约 1.5%。自 1991 年以来，癌症死亡率连续下降了 26%，这意味着癌症死亡人数比如果死亡率保持在最高水平，预计会减少约 237.86 万人。在 10 大死因中，只有癌症从 2014 年到 2015 年有所下降。2015 年，非西班牙裔黑人（NHB）的癌症死亡率总体上比非西班牙裔白人（NHW）高 14%（死亡率比[DRR]，1.14；95%置信区间[95%CI]，1.13-1.15），但对于年龄<65 岁的个体，这种种族差异要大得多（DRR，1.31；95%CI，1.29-1.32），而对于年龄≥65 岁的个体则要小得多（DRR，1.07；95%CI，1.06-1.09），并且各州差异很大。例如，在马萨诸塞州，所有年龄段的 NHB 癌症死亡率都低于 NHW，在纽约，≥65 岁的人也是如此，而对于<65 岁的人，哥伦比亚特区的 NHB 癌症死亡率高出 3 倍（DRR，2.89；95%CI，2.16-3.91），威斯康星州（DRR，1.78；95%CI，1.56-2.02），堪萨斯州（DRR，1.51；95%CI，1.25-1.81），路易斯安那州（DRR，1.49；95%CI，1.38-1.60），伊利诺伊州（DRR，1.48；95%CI，1.39-1.57）和加利福尼亚州（DRR，1.45；95%CI，1.38-1.54）。年轻和中年成年人中更大的种族不平等可能部分反映了获得高质量医疗保健的机会较少。CA Cancer J Clin 2018；68:7-30。© 2018 美国癌症协会。
