Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
Transl Res. 2018 Nov;201:98-127. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.07.008. Epub 2018 Jul 26.
Pancreatic cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It is asymptomatic at an early stage, and most diagnosis occurs when the disease is already at a late stage, by which time the tumor is nonresectable. In order to increase the overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer, as well as to decrease the cancer burden, it is necessary to perform early diagnosis, prognosis stratifications and cancer monitoring using accurate, minimally invasive, and cost-effective methods. Liquid biopsies seek to detect tumor-associated biomarkers in a variety of extractable body fluids and can help to monitor treatment response and disease progression, and even predict patient outcome. In patients with pancreatic cancer, tumor-derived materials, primarily circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells and exosomes, are being studied for inclusion in the management of the disease. This review focuses on describing the biology of these biomarkers, methods for their enrichment and detection, as well as their potential for clinical application. Moreover, we discuss the future direction of liquid biopsies and introduce how they can be exploited toward point of care personalized medicine for the management of pancreatic cancer.
胰腺癌是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因之一。在早期阶段它没有明显症状，大多数诊断发生在疾病已经处于晚期阶段时，此时肿瘤已无法切除。为了提高胰腺癌患者的总体生存率，并降低癌症负担，有必要使用准确、微创且具有成本效益的方法进行早期诊断、预后分层和癌症监测。液体活检旨在检测各种可提取体液中的肿瘤相关生物标志物，有助于监测治疗反应和疾病进展，甚至预测患者预后。在胰腺癌患者中，正在研究肿瘤衍生物质，主要是循环肿瘤 DNA、循环肿瘤细胞和外泌体，将其纳入疾病的管理中。这篇综述重点描述了这些生物标志物的生物学特性、它们的富集和检测方法，以及它们在临床应用中的潜力。此外，我们还讨论了液体活检的未来方向，并介绍了如何将其应用于即时护理的个性化医疗，以管理胰腺癌。
