Parr Thomas, Friston Karl J
Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2019;41:115-128. doi: 10.1007/7854_2018_61.
In this chapter, we provide an overview of the principles of active inference. We illustrate how different forms of short-term memory are expressed formally (mathematically) through appealing to beliefs about the causes of our sensations and about the actions we pursue. This is used to motivate an approach to active vision that depends upon inferences about the causes of 'what I have seen' and learning about 'what I would see if I were to look there'. The former could manifest as persistent 'delay-period' activity - of the sort associated with working memory, while the latter is better suited to changes in synaptic efficacy - of the sort that underlies short-term learning and adaptation. We review formulations of these ideas in terms of active inference, their role in directing visual exploration and the consequences - for active vision - of their failures. To illustrate the latter, we draw upon some of our recent work on the computational anatomy of visual neglect.
在本章中，我们将概述主动推理的原理。我们将说明不同形式的短期记忆是如何通过诉诸关于我们感觉的原因以及我们所追求行动的信念，以形式化（数学）方式表达出来的。这被用于推动一种主动视觉方法，该方法依赖于对“我所看到的”事物的原因进行推理，以及学习“如果我看向那里会看到什么”。前者可能表现为持续性的“延迟期”活动——类似于与工作记忆相关的那种，而后者更适合于突触效能的变化——那种构成短期学习和适应基础的变化。我们根据主动推理来回顾这些观点的表述、它们在指导视觉探索中的作用以及它们失败（对主动视觉而言）的后果。为了说明后者，我们借鉴了我们最近在视觉忽视的计算解剖学方面的一些工作。
