Nontask-Related Brain Lateralization Biomarkers in Children: The Asymmetry of Language Areas on Functional Connectivity Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

In this work, we will test the hypothesis that the connectivity of language areas in normal children is asymmetric between the hemispheres. Intrahemispheric region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI connectivity was assessed in 40 normal right-handed children. Asymmetries were assessed (1) between the hemispheres (global language connectivity); (2) between Brodmann areas (BAs) pairs (pairwise connectivity); and (3) between two homotopic BA (Global BA connectivity). Sixteen BAs were selected: 6, 7, 9, 19, 21, 22, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, and 47. T scores for connectivity of each BA pair were ascertained using the MATLAB toolbox CONN. Lateralization index (LI) scores based on T-values were obtained. Only LIs with 2SD above the mean were considered as significant. Comparisons between T-value groups (per side and per BA) were performed utilizing double-sided T-tests. Null hypothesis was rejected for p < 0.05. There was not a statistical difference between global left and right connectivity strength (p = 0.40). There was significant pairwise connectivity asymmetry for the following pairs: BA7-BA44 (LI = 0.662); BA21-BA42 (LI = -0.616); BA21-BA40 (LI = -0.595); BA38-BA44 (LI = 0.470); BA39-BA44 (LI = -0.903); and BA42-BA47 (LI = -0.445). Language-related brain connectivity asymmetries have been demonstrated in a group of children and young adolescents. Two pairs related to Broca's area were left dominant (BA44-BA38 and BA44-BA7) and four pairs right dominant (BA42-BA47, BA39-BA44, BA21-BA40, and BA21-BA42).