Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Quebec City, G1S 4L8, Quebec, Canada.
Environ Int. 2018 Oct;119:558-569. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.022. Epub 2018 Aug 17.
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing a joint methodology for estimating the national and global work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO joint methodology), with contributions from a large network of experts. In this paper, we present the protocol for two systematic reviews of parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years of ischaemic heart disease from exposure to long working hours, to inform the development of the WHO/ILO joint methodology.
We aim to systematically review studies on occupational exposure to long working hours (Systematic Review 1) and systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of long working hours on ischaemic heart disease (Systematic Review 2), applying the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology as an organizing framework. The selection of both, the exposure and the health outcome is justified by substantial scientific evidence on adverse effects of long working hours on ischaemic heart disease risk.
Separately for Systematic Reviews 1 and 2, we will search electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CISDOC and PsychINFO. We will also search electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand-search reference list of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consult additional experts.
We will include working-age (≥15 years) workers in the formal and informal economy in any WHO and/or ILO Member State, but exclude children (<15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. For Systematic Review 1, we will include quantitative prevalence studies of relevant levels of exposure to long working hours (i.e. 35-40, 41-48, 49-54 and ≥55 h/week) stratified by country, sex, age and industrial sector or occupation. For Systematic Review 2, we will include randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the relative effect of relevant level(s) of long working hours on the prevalence of, incidence of or mortality from ischaemic heart disease, compared with the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (i.e. 35-40 h/week).
At least two review authors will independently screen titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from qualifying studies. At least two review authors will assess risk of bias and the quality of evidence, using the most suited tools currently available. For Systematic Review 2, if feasible, we will combine relative risks using meta-analysis. We will report results using the guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting (GATHER) for Systematic Review 1 and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA) for Systematic Review 2. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017084243.
世界卫生组织（世卫组织）和国际劳工组织（劳工组织）正在制定一种联合方法，用于估算与工作有关的疾病和伤害的国家和全球负担（世卫组织/劳工组织联合方法），并得到了一个由大量专家组成的网络的支持。本文介绍了两项系统评价的方案，目的是估算因长时间工作而导致的缺血性心脏病的死亡人数和伤残调整生命年的参数，为制定世卫组织/劳工组织联合方法提供信息。
我们旨在系统地回顾有关职业暴露于长时间工作（系统评价 1）的研究，并系统地回顾和荟萃分析长时间工作对缺血性心脏病的影响（系统评价 2），应用导航指南系统评价方法作为组织框架。选择暴露和健康结果都是基于大量科学证据表明长时间工作对缺血性心脏病风险有不良影响。
分别针对系统评价 1 和 2，我们将从已发表和未发表的研究中搜索电子学术数据库中潜在相关的记录，包括 Medline、EMBASE、Web of Science、CISDOC 和 PsychINFO。我们还将搜索电子灰色文献数据库、互联网搜索引擎和组织网站；手检以前的系统评价和纳入研究记录的参考文献列表；并咨询其他专家。
我们将包括正式和非正式经济部门的劳动年龄（≥15 岁）工人，无论其所在的世卫组织和/或劳工组织成员国，但不包括儿童（<15 岁）和无报酬的家庭工人。对于系统评价 1，我们将包括与国家、性别、年龄和工业部门或职业相关的长时间工作（即 35-40、41-48、49-54 和≥55 小时/周）的定量流行率研究。对于系统评价 2，我们将包括随机对照试验、队列研究、病例对照研究和其他非随机干预研究，评估与理论最低风险暴露水平（即 35-40 小时/周）相比，相关水平的长时间工作对缺血性心脏病的患病率、发病率或死亡率的相对影响。
至少两名审查员将在第一阶段独立筛选标题和摘要以确定是否符合资格标准，在第二阶段筛选可能符合资格的记录的全文，然后从合格研究中提取数据。至少两名审查员将使用目前最适合的工具评估偏倚风险和证据质量。对于系统评价 2，如果可行，我们将使用荟萃分析合并相对风险。我们将使用准确和透明的健康估计报告指南（GATHER）报告系统评价 1 的结果，使用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）报告系统评价 2 的结果。PROSPERO 注册号：CRD42017084243。
