Lang Gabriele E, Lang Stefan J
Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2018 Nov;235(11):1297-1315. doi: 10.1055/a-0662-1197. Epub 2018 Aug 20.
Retinal vein occlusions (RVO) are common retinal diseases. They are caused by an obstruction of retinal veins. RVO often result in visual deterioration and, in rare cases, can lead to blindness, but also be asymptomatic. The prognosis is various and depends on the extent, the localization of the occlusion and the retinal perfusion, especially in the macular area. The etiology often is a thrombosis caused by vascular sclerosis, rarely a vasculitis. Because often an underlying disease is present the medical clarification is necessary. The ophthalmological treatment of the macular edema includes intravitreal injection of VEGF inhibitors and steroids. Laser photocoagulation is being proposed as second line treatment. Neovascular complications like preretinal neovascularizations with and without vitreous hemorrhage are treated with laser or vitrectomy. Iris neovascularization can also occur and is treated with laser photocoagulation or cyclophotocoagulation.
视网膜静脉阻塞（RVO）是常见的视网膜疾病。它们由视网膜静脉阻塞引起。视网膜静脉阻塞常导致视力下降，在罕见情况下可导致失明，但也可能无症状。预后各不相同，取决于阻塞的程度、部位以及视网膜灌注情况，尤其是黄斑区的灌注。病因通常是血管硬化引起的血栓形成，很少是血管炎。由于常常存在潜在疾病，因此需要进行医学检查。黄斑水肿的眼科治疗包括玻璃体内注射血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）抑制剂和类固醇。激光光凝被提议作为二线治疗方法。对于伴有或不伴有玻璃体积血的视网膜前新生血管等新生血管并发症，采用激光或玻璃体切除术进行治疗。虹膜新生血管也可能发生，可通过激光光凝或睫状体光凝进行治疗。
