a Expert Performance and Skill Acquisition Research Group, School of Sport, Health and Applied Science , St Mary's University , Twickenham, London , UK.
b Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences , University of Chichester , Chichester , UK.
J Sports Sci. 2019 Mar;37(5):537-543. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1514165. Epub 2018 Aug 22.
Skilled anticipation is underpinned by the use of kinematic and contextual information. However, few researchers have examined what happens when contextual information suggests an outcome that is different from the event that follows. We aimed to bridge this gap by manipulating the relationship between contextual information and final ball location in a cricket-batting task. We predicted that when contextual information is congruent with the eventual outcome then anticipation would be facilitated. In contrast, when contextual information is incongruent, this would lead to a confirmation bias on kinematic information and result in decreased anticipation accuracy. We expected this effect to be larger in skilled performers who are more able to utilise context. Skilled and less-skilled cricket batters anticipated deliveries presented using a temporally occluded video-based task. We created conditions whereby contextual information and event outcome were either congruent or incongruent. There was a significant skill by condition interaction (p < 0.05). The skilled group anticipated significantly more accurately than the less-skilled group on the congruent trials. Both groups anticipated less accurately on incongruent trials, with the skilled participants being more negatively affected. Skilled performers prioritise contextual information and confirmation bias affects the use of kinematic information available later in the action.
熟练的预判是建立在对运动学和上下文信息的使用基础上的。然而，很少有研究人员研究过当上下文信息暗示的结果与随后发生的事件不同时会发生什么。我们旨在通过在板球击球任务中操纵上下文信息和最终球位置之间的关系来弥补这一差距。我们预测，当上下文信息与最终结果一致时，预判将得到促进。相比之下，当上下文信息不一致时，这将导致对运动学信息的确认偏差，并导致预判准确性下降。我们预计，在更善于利用上下文的熟练运动员中，这种效果会更大。熟练和不熟练的板球击球手使用基于时间遮挡的视频任务来预判投球。我们创造了条件，使上下文信息和事件结果要么一致，要么不一致。有一个显著的技能与条件的交互作用（p < 0.05）。在一致的试验中，熟练组的预判准确率明显高于不熟练组。两组在不一致的试验中预判准确率都较低，而熟练组的参与者受影响更大。熟练的运动员更重视上下文信息，确认偏差会影响后续动作中可用的运动学信息的使用。
