[大鼠出生后个体发育过程中“奖赏”和“惩罚”机制的形成时期]

[Periods of formation of the mechanisms of "reward" and "punishment" in rats during postnatal ontogenesis].

作者信息

Makarenko Iu A, Karpovich E A, Sheresheva E L, Khvastunov R M

出版信息

Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova. 1977 Mar-Apr;27(2):282-8.

Abstract

The manifestation of some signs of emotional reactions produced by stimulation of the hypothalamic zones through implanted electrodes was studied in chronic experiments on 8- to 40-day old rats. Beginning with the 12th day of the rats' development, the formation of the instrumental reaction of self-stimulation and avoidance was studied. It has been found that maturation of the negative emotion mechanism preceds that of the positive emotion mechanism. Proceeding from the results obtained, a hypothesis has been advanced on heterochronous maturation of the systems of positive and negative reinforcements. It has been assumed that beginning with certain stage of the animals' development, behaviour is being controlled with the participation of a non-specific "reward" mechanism.

摘要

在对8至40日龄大鼠进行的慢性实验中，研究了通过植入电极刺激下丘脑区域所产生的一些情绪反应迹象的表现。从大鼠发育的第12天开始，研究了自我刺激和回避的操作性反应的形成。研究发现，负性情绪机制的成熟先于正性情绪机制。根据所获得的结果，提出了关于正性和负性强化系统异时成熟的假说。据推测，从动物发育的某个阶段开始，行为受到一种非特异性“奖赏”机制的参与控制。