CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018 Sep 12;10(36):30479-30486. doi: 10.1021/acsami.8b12571. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
Red phosphorus is appealing for anode use in sodium-ion batteries. However, the synthesis of electrochemically stable red P anodes remains challenging due to a notable volume variation upon (de)sodiation, and limited synthetic methods arising from the low ignition and sublimation temperatures. To address the above problems, we herein successfully develop an industrially adaptable process for scalable synthesis of affordable phosphorus/carbon (APC) anode materials with an excellent electrochemical performance at a significantly reduced cost. The key to our success is a delicately designed, self-organized, strongly interactive porous P/C structure filled with sodium alginate binder, which maintains the structural integrity of anode and enhances the electrical contact of red P upon its volume variation via a dual protection from porous structure and strong surface interactions. The APC anodes hence present ultrahigh initial Coulombic efficiency (86.2%), excellent cycling stability, and superior rate capability. The industrially adaptable process and excellent electrochemical performance endow the novel APC nano/microspheres with promising applications in high-performance Na-ion batteries.
红磷作为钠离子电池的阳极材料极具吸引力。然而，由于在（去）钠化过程中体积变化明显，以及点火和升华温度较低导致的有限合成方法，电化学稳定的红磷阳极的合成仍然具有挑战性。为了解决上述问题，我们在此成功开发了一种工业上可适应的工艺，用于可扩展合成具有成本效益的磷/碳（APC）阳极材料，其具有优异的电化学性能，成本显著降低。我们成功的关键是精心设计的、自组织的、强相互作用的多孔 P/C 结构，填充有海藻酸钠粘结剂，该结构保持了阳极的结构完整性，并通过多孔结构和强表面相互作用的双重保护，增强了红磷在体积变化时的电接触。因此，APC 阳极具有超高的初始库仑效率（86.2%）、优异的循环稳定性和卓越的倍率性能。工业上可适应的工艺和优异的电化学性能使新型 APC 纳米/微球在高性能钠离子电池中有很好的应用前景。
