Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta , Georgia 30341 , United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2018 Sep 18;52(18):10571-10579. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02745. Epub 2018 Sep 6.
Sources of human aldehyde exposure include food additives, combustion of organic matter (tobacco smoke), water disinfection byproducts via ozonation, and endogenous processes. Aldehydes are potentially carcinogenic and mutagenic, and chronic human aldehyde exposure has raised concerns about potential deleterious health effects. To aid investigations of human aldehyde exposure, we developed a novel method to measure 19 aldehydes released from Schiff base protein adducts in serum using controlled acid hydrolysis, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), gas chromatography (GC), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Aldehydes are released from Schiff base protein adducts through acid hydrolysis, and are quantified in trace amounts (μg/L) using stable isotope dilution. Detection limits range from 0.1 to 50 μg/L, with calibration curves spanning 3 orders of magnitude. The analysis of fortified quality control material over a three-month period showed excellent precision and long-term stability (3-22% CV) for samples stored at -70 °C. The intraday precision is also excellent (CV, 1-10%). The method accuracy ranges from 89 to 108% for all measured aldehydes, except acrolein and crotonaldehyde, two aldehydes present in tobacco smoke; their analysis by this method is not considered robust due in part to their reactivity in vivo. However, results strongly suggest that propanal, butanal, isobutanal, and isopentanal levels in smokers are higher than levels in nonsmokers, and thus may be useful as biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure. This method will facilitate large epidemiological studies involving aldehyde biomonitoring to examine nonoccupational environmental exposures.
人类接触醛类的来源包括食品添加剂、有机物燃烧（如烟草烟雾）、臭氧消毒产生的水消毒副产物以及内源性过程。醛类具有潜在的致癌性和致突变性，慢性人类接触醛类已引起人们对潜在有害健康影响的担忧。为了帮助研究人类接触醛类的情况，我们开发了一种新方法，通过控制酸水解、固相微萃取（SPME）、气相色谱（GC）和高分辨率质谱（HRMS）从血清中的席夫碱蛋白加合物中测量 19 种释放的醛类。醛类通过酸水解从席夫碱蛋白加合物中释放出来，并通过稳定同位素稀释以痕量（μg/L）进行定量。检测限范围为 0.1 至 50μg/L，校准曲线跨越 3 个数量级。在 3 个月的时间内对加标质量控制材料进行分析，结果表明，在 -70°C 下储存的样品具有出色的精密度和长期稳定性（3-22%CV）。日内精密度也非常出色（CV，1-10%）。该方法的准确度对于所有测量的醛类均在 89%至 108%之间，除丙烯醛和巴豆醛外，这两种醛类存在于烟草烟雾中；由于其在体内的反应性，该方法对它们的分析不太可靠。然而，结果强烈表明，吸烟者体内的丙醛、丁醛、异丁醛和异戊醛水平高于非吸烟者，因此可能作为烟草烟雾暴露的生物标志物有用。该方法将促进涉及醛类生物监测的大型流行病学研究，以检查非职业环境暴露。
