Obara Angélica Almeida, Vivolo Sandra Roberta Gouvea Ferreira, Alvarenga Marle Dos Santos
Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2018 Aug 20;34(8):e00088017. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00088017.
Obesity is associated with psychosocial problems like stigma, discrimination, and bias. Studies have found that nutritionists and nutrition students display negative attitudes and biases toward obese individuals. This study examined the existence of nutrition students' bias toward obese individuals. The students answered questionnaires by completing on-line forms with demographic data and self-reported weight and height and were assigned to one of four randomly selected hypothetical cases of patients referred to a nutritionist after receiving a diagnosis of lactose intolerance (normal weight man; normal weight woman; obese man; and obese woman). Except for weight, body mass index (BMI), and daily energy intake, all information on diet, habits, and health conditions were identical for profiles of the same sex. The questionnaire included questions on the indication of procedures and approaches during the consultation, consultation time, counseling strategies, dietary and health evaluation, and students' affective and behavioral reactions. Three hundred and thirty-five students participated, mostly women, with mean BMI of 23kg/m². Patient's weight influenced consultation time and students' perceptions and treatment approaches and strategies. The study revealed biases and negative attitudes mainly involving the students' perceptions and reactions to obese patients, and obese women generally received the worse evaluations.
肥胖与耻辱感、歧视和偏见等社会心理问题相关。研究发现，营养学家和营养学专业学生对肥胖个体表现出消极态度和偏见。本研究调查了营养学专业学生对肥胖个体的偏见情况。学生们通过填写在线表格回答问卷，表格内容包括人口统计学数据、自我报告的体重和身高，并被分配到四个随机选择的假设病例之一，这些病例是在被诊断为乳糖不耐受后转诊给营养学家的患者（正常体重男性；正常体重女性；肥胖男性；肥胖女性）。除了体重、体重指数（BMI）和每日能量摄入量外，相同性别的病例资料中关于饮食、习惯和健康状况的所有信息都是相同的。问卷包括关于咨询过程中的程序和方法指示、咨询时间、咨询策略、饮食和健康评估以及学生的情感和行为反应等问题。335名学生参与了研究，其中大多数是女性，平均BMI为23kg/m²。患者的体重影响咨询时间以及学生的认知和治疗方法与策略。该研究揭示了主要涉及学生对肥胖患者的认知和反应的偏见和消极态度，肥胖女性通常得到的评价最差。
