Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616.
Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
Evolution. 2018 Oct;72(10):2167-2180. doi: 10.1111/evo.13585. Epub 2018 Sep 5.
Interactions between genotypes and environments are central to evolutionary genetics, but such interactions are typically described, rather than predicted from theory. Recent Bayesian models of development generate specific predictions about genotypic differences in developmental plasticity (changes in the value of a given trait as a result of a given experience) based on genotypic differences in the value of the trait that is expressed by naïve subjects. We used these models to make a priori predictions about the effects of an aversive olfactory conditioning regime on the response of Drosophila melanogaster larvae to the odor of ethyl acetate. As predicted, across 116 genotypes initial trait values were related to plasticity. Genotypes most strongly attracted to the odor of ethyl acetate when naïve reduced their attraction scores more as a result of the aversive training regime than those less attracted to the same odor when naïve. Thus, as predicted, the variance across genotypes in attraction scores was higher before than after the shared experience. These results support predictions generated by Bayesian models of development and indicate that such models can be successfully used to investigate how variation across genotypes in information derived from ancestors combines with personal experience to differentially affect developmental plasticity in response to specific types of experience.
基因型与环境之间的相互作用是进化遗传学的核心，但这些相互作用通常是通过理论描述的，而不是通过理论预测的。最近的发展贝叶斯模型根据表达幼稚主体的性状的基因型差异，对发育可塑性（给定性状的值由于给定的经验而发生的变化）中的基因型差异产生特定的预测。我们使用这些模型对厌恶嗅觉条件作用对黑腹果蝇幼虫对乙酸乙酯气味反应的影响做出了先验预测。正如所预测的，在 116 个基因型中，初始性状值与可塑性有关。与幼稚时对同一气味吸引力较小的基因型相比，当幼稚时对乙酸乙酯气味最具吸引力的基因型，由于厌恶训练，其吸引力评分降低的幅度更大。因此，正如所预测的，在共同经验之前，吸引力评分的基因型差异比之后更大。这些结果支持了发展贝叶斯模型的预测，并表明这些模型可以成功用于研究从祖先那里获得的信息在基因型之间的变异如何与个人经验相结合，从而对特定类型的经验产生不同的影响发育可塑性。
