Centre for Antibody Drug, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Immunology. 2018 Dec;155(4):427-434. doi: 10.1111/imm.12994. Epub 2018 Sep 10.
T helper type 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are two distinct T-cell subsets with opposite effects on immune functions. While Th17 cells are a key effector in the immune response and play critical roles in the development of autoimmunity and inflammation, Treg cells orchestrate the overall immune response and maintain peripheral immune tolerance by regulating the activity of the effector T cells. However, the developmental pathways for Th17 and Treg cells are reciprocally interconnected and there is a significant amount of plasticity between them. Disturbed Th17/Treg balance contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases, like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Recently, emerging evidence demonstrates that miRNAs play an important role in regulating the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases through the modulation of Th17/Treg balance. This review will provide an overview of the dysregulated miRNAs and their functions in modulating the Th17/Treg balance in autoimmune diseases.
辅助性 T 细胞 17（Th17）和调节性 T（Treg）细胞是两种具有相反免疫功能的独特 T 细胞亚群。虽然 Th17 细胞是免疫反应的关键效应物，在自身免疫和炎症的发展中发挥关键作用，但 Treg 细胞通过调节效应 T 细胞的活性来协调整体免疫反应并维持外周免疫耐受。然而，Th17 和 Treg 细胞的发育途径是相互关联的，它们之间存在大量的可塑性。Th17/Treg 平衡的紊乱导致自身免疫性疾病的发展，如实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎和多发性硬化症。微小 RNA（miRNA）是一种小的非编码 RNA 分子，通过转录后调控基因表达。最近，新出现的证据表明，miRNA 通过调节 Th17/Treg 平衡在自身免疫性疾病的发病机制中发挥重要作用。这篇综述将概述失调的 miRNA 及其在调节自身免疫性疾病中 Th17/Treg 平衡中的功能。
