Fryer C J
Cancer. 1986 Jul 15;58(2 Suppl):554-60. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19860715)58:2+<554::aid-cncr2820581325>3.0.co;2-k.
Advances made can be divided into five main categories. Firstly, the problem of geographic miss which has been reduced by delivering effective radiation doses with greater precision. This has been accomplished with more sophisticated diagnostic and therapeutic equipment, immobilization techniques and computerized treatment planning. Second is the recognition of the interplay of radiation and chemotherapy on normal tissue tolerance and local tumor control. This interaction has necessitated reduction in both dose and volume of irradiation. Third is the use of wide field irradiation as a systemic treatment. Fourthly, the utilization of cooperative group trials to define the role of irradiation. Finally, with the improvement in survival has come the recognition of late effects of irradiation in the growing child and the means of reducing such effects. The current role of radiation therapy in childhood malignancies is summarized, controversies are identified, and future prospects explored.
取得的进展可分为五大类。首先，通过更精确地给予有效辐射剂量，减少了地理遗漏问题。这是通过更先进的诊断和治疗设备、固定技术以及计算机化治疗计划实现的。其次是认识到放疗和化疗对正常组织耐受性和局部肿瘤控制的相互作用。这种相互作用使得放疗的剂量和体积都需要减少。第三是将广野照射用作一种全身治疗方法。第四是利用协作组试验来确定放疗的作用。最后，随着生存率的提高，人们认识到放疗对正在成长的儿童的晚期影响以及减少此类影响的方法。本文总结了放射治疗在儿童恶性肿瘤中的当前作用，确定了存在的争议，并探讨了未来前景。
