Tangcharoensathien Viroj, Sommanustweechai Angkana, Chanvatik Sunicha, Kosiyaporn Hatairat, Tisocki Klara
International Health Policy Program, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, New Delhi, India.
WHO South East Asia J Public Health. 2018 Sep;7(2):73-78. doi: 10.4103/2224-3151.239417.
The 2015 Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance (GAP-AMR) highlights the key importance of improving awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance among consumers. While low levels of awareness are not exclusive to consumers in low- and middle-income countries, the challenges to improving understanding are compounded in these settings, by factors such as higher rates of antibiotic self-medication and availability through informal suppliers. In 2016, Thailand set an ambitious target to increase, by 2021, public knowledge of antibiotic resistance and awareness of appropriate use of antibiotic by 20%. This involved first establishing baseline data by incorporating a module on antibiotic awareness into the 2017 national Health and Welfare Survey conducted by the National Statistical Office. The benefit of this approach is that the data from the antibiotic module are collected in parallel with data on socioeconomic, demographic and geospatial parameters that can inform targeted public communications. The module was developed by review of existing tools that have been used to measure public awareness of antibiotics, namely those of the Eurobarometer project of the European Union and a questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization. The Thai module was constructed in such a way that results could be benchmarked against those of the other survey tools, to allow international comparison. The Thai experience showed that close collaboration between the relevant national authorities allowed smooth integration of a module on antibiotic awareness into the national household survey. To date, evidence from the module has informed the content and strategy of public communications on antibiotic use and misuse. Work is under way to select the most robust indicators to use in monitoring progress. The other Member States of the World Health Organization South-East Asia Region can benefit from Thailand's experiences in improvement of monitoring population knowledge and awareness.
《2015年全球抗微生物药物耐药性行动计划》（GAP - AMR）强调了提高消费者对抗微生物药物耐药性的认识和理解的关键重要性。虽然认识水平较低并非低收入和中等收入国家消费者所独有，但在这些环境中，提高认识面临的挑战因抗生素自我药疗率较高以及通过非正式供应商获取抗生素等因素而更加复杂。2016年，泰国设定了一个雄心勃勃的目标，到2021年将公众对抗生素耐药性的认识以及对抗生素合理使用的知晓率提高20%。这首先涉及通过将抗生素认识模块纳入国家统计局2017年进行的全国健康与福利调查来建立基线数据。这种方法的好处是，抗生素模块的数据与社会经济、人口和地理空间参数的数据并行收集，这些参数可为有针对性的公众宣传提供信息。该模块是通过审查现有的用于衡量公众对抗生素认识的工具而开发的，即欧盟的欧洲晴雨表项目的工具以及世界卫生组织编制的一份问卷。泰国模块的构建方式使其结果能够与其他调查工具的结果进行基准比较，以便进行国际比较。泰国的经验表明，国家相关当局之间的密切合作使抗生素认识模块能够顺利纳入全国家庭调查。迄今为止，该模块提供的证据为关于抗生素使用和滥用的公众宣传的内容和策略提供了依据。目前正在开展工作，以选择最有力的指标用于监测进展情况。世界卫生组织东南亚区域的其他成员国可以从泰国在改善对民众知识和认识的监测方面的经验中受益。
