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植物驯化通过直接选择防御性状减少了组成型和诱导型化学防御。

Plant domestication decreases both constitutive and induced chemical defences by direct selection against defensive traits.

机构信息

Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain.

Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 23;8(1):12678. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-31041-0.

Abstract

Studies reporting domestication effects on plant defences have focused on constitutive, but not on induced defences. However, theory predicts a trade-off between constitutive (CD) and induced defences (ID), which intrinsically links both defensive strategies and argues for their joint consideration in plant domestications studies. We measured constitutive and induced glucosinolates in wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea ssp. oleracea) and two domesticated varieties (B. oleracea var. acephala and B. oleracea var. capitata) in which the leaves have been selected to grow larger. We also estimated leaf area (proxy of leaf size) to assess size-defence trade-offs and whether domestication effects on defences are indirect via selection for larger leaves. Both CD and ID were lower in domesticated than in wild cabbage and they were negatively correlated (i.e. traded off) in all of the cabbage lines studied. Reductions in CD were similar in magnitude for leaves and stems, and CD and leaf size were uncorrelated. We conclude that domestication of cabbage has reduced levels not only constitutive defences but also their inducibility, and that reductions in CD may span organs not targeted by breeding. This reduction in defences in domesticated cabbage is presumably the result of direct selection rather than indirect effects via trade-offs between size and defences.

摘要

研究报告称,植物防御的驯化效应集中在组成型防御上,而不是诱导型防御上。然而,理论预测组成型(CD)和诱导型防御(ID)之间存在权衡,这内在地将两种防御策略联系起来,并主张在植物驯化研究中共同考虑这两种策略。我们测量了野生甘蓝( Brassica oleracea ssp.oleracea )和两种驯化品种( Brassica oleracea var.acephala 和 Brassica oleracea var.capitata )的组成型和诱导型硫代葡萄糖苷。在这两种驯化品种中,叶片被选择生长得更大。我们还估计了叶片面积(叶片大小的代表),以评估大小防御权衡,以及防御的驯化效应是否通过选择更大的叶片间接产生。与野生甘蓝相比,驯化甘蓝的 CD 和 ID 都较低,而且在所有研究的甘蓝品系中,它们呈负相关(即相互权衡)。CD 在叶片和茎部的减少幅度相似,而且 CD 和叶片大小之间没有相关性。我们得出的结论是,甘蓝的驯化不仅降低了组成型防御的水平,而且降低了它们的诱导能力,而且 CD 的减少可能跨越了不是由选育目标的器官。这种驯化甘蓝防御的降低很可能是直接选择的结果,而不是通过大小和防御之间的权衡产生的间接效应。

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