Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, Mexico.
Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque, NM 87131, Mexico; Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, Mexico.
Addict Behav. 2019 Jan;88:48-55. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.010. Epub 2018 Aug 14.
Nonmedical prescription sedative/tranquilizer (e.g., benzodiazepines) use (NMSTU) increases risk of overdose when combined with opioids and/or alcohol. Yet, little is known about NMSTU among those with alcohol and opioid use disorders. We aimed to characterize NMSTU and sedative/tranquilizer use disorder among adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and/or opioid use disorder (OUD) in a general population sample.
We conducted analyses of 2008-2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data; adults with past-year AUD-only (n = 27,416), OUD-only (n = 2142), and co-occurring AUD and OUD (n = 1483) were included (total N = 31,041). Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to examine correlates of past-month NMSTU and past-year sedative/tranquilizer use disorder. Focal independent variables were polysubstance use (i.e., number of substances used in the previous year) and psychiatric distress.
Among those with AUD-only, 27.1% reported lifetime NMSTU, 7.6% reported past-year NMSTU, 2.7% reported past-month NMSTU, and 0.6% met criteria for past-year sedative/tranquilizer use disorder. Corresponding prevalence rates among those with OUD-only were 69.5%, 43.0%, 22.6%, and 11.3%. Those with co-occurring AUD and OUD displayed the highest rates of NMSTU (e.g., 27.5% with past-month NMSTU) and sedative/tranquilizer use disorder (20.2%). Across groups, more severe polysubstance use and psychiatric distress were associated with increased risk of NMSTU and sedative/tranquilizer use disorder.
Results of this analysis indicate that >25% of adults with AUD and approximately 70% of those with OUD report lifetime NMSTU. Among these populations, individuals with more polysubstance use and greater psychiatric distress might benefit from targeted interventions to reduce NMSTU.
非医疗处方镇静剂/安定剂（例如苯二氮䓬类药物）的使用（NMSTU）与阿片类药物和/或酒精合用会增加过量用药的风险。然而，对于那些有酒精和阿片类药物使用障碍的人来说，NMSTU 的情况知之甚少。我们旨在描述普通人群中患有酒精使用障碍（AUD）和/或阿片类药物使用障碍（OUD）的成年人中的 NMSTU 和镇静/安定剂使用障碍。
我们对 2008-2014 年全国药物使用与健康调查数据进行了分析；包括过去一年 AUD 组（n=27416）、OUD 组（n=2142）和同时患有 AUD 和 OUD 组（n=1483）的成年人（共 31041 人）。多变量逻辑回归模型用于检查过去一个月 NMSTU 和过去一年镇静/安定剂使用障碍的相关因素。焦点自变量为多物质使用（即过去一年使用的物质数量）和精神困扰。
在 AUD 组中，27.1%的人报告有终生 NMSTU，7.6%的人报告有过去一年 NMSTU，2.7%的人报告有过去一个月 NMSTU，0.6%的人符合过去一年镇静/安定剂使用障碍的标准。在 OUD 组中，相应的患病率分别为 69.5%、43.0%、22.6%和 11.3%。同时患有 AUD 和 OUD 的人 NMSTU（例如，27.5%的人有过去一个月 NMSTU）和镇静/安定剂使用障碍（20.2%）的比例最高。在所有组中，更严重的多物质使用和精神困扰与 NMSTU 和镇静/安定剂使用障碍的风险增加有关。
本分析结果表明，超过 25%的 AUD 成年人和约 70%的 OUD 成年人报告有终生 NMSTU。在这些人群中，多物质使用更多和精神困扰更大的个体可能受益于减少 NMSTU 的针对性干预。
