Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland.
Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018 Oct;63:34-47. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.08.001. Epub 2018 Aug 2.
Diesel exhaust emissions (DEE), being one of the main causes of ambient air pollution, exert a detrimental effect on human health and increase morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate potential adverse effects of exhausts emissions from B7 fuel, the first-generation biofuel containing 7% of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), and SHB20 fuel, the second-generation biofuel containing 20% FAME/hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), after a whole-body exposure with and without diesel particle filter (DPF). The experiment was performed on 95 male Fischer 344 rats, divided into 10 groups (8 experimental, 2 control). Animals were exposed to DEE (diluted with charcoal-filtered room air to 2.1-2.2% (v/v)) for 7 or 28 days (6 h/day, 5 days/week) in an inhalation chamber. DEE originated from Euro 5 engine with or without DPF treatment, run on B7 or SHB20 fuel. Animals in the control groups were exposed to clean air. Our results showed that the majority of haematological and biochemical parameters examined in blood were at a similar level in the exposed and control animals. However, exposure to DEE from the SHB20 fuel caused an increase in the number of red blood cells (RBC) and haemoglobin concentration. Moreover, 7 days exposure to DEE from SHB20 fuel induced genotoxic effects manifested by increased levels of DNA single-strand breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Furthermore, inhalation of both types of DEE induced oxidative stress and caused imbalance of anti-oxidant defence enzymes. In conclusion, exposure to DEE from B7, which was associated with higher exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, resulted in decreased number of T and NK lymphocytes, while DEE from SHB20 induced a higher level of DNA single-strand breaks, oxidative stress and increased red blood cells parameters. Additionally, DPF technology generated increased number of smaller PM and made the DEE more reactive and more harmful, manifested as deregulation of redox balance.
柴油机尾气排放（DEE）是造成环境空气污染的主要原因之一，对人类健康造成有害影响，增加了与心血管和肺部疾病相关的发病率和死亡率。因此，本研究的目的是研究第一代生物燃料 B7（含 7%脂肪酸甲酯（FAME））和第二代生物燃料 SHB20（含 20% FAME/加氢植物油（HVO））的尾气排放物在未使用和使用柴油颗粒过滤器（DPF）的情况下进行全身暴露后的潜在不良影响。该实验在 95 只雄性 Fischer 344 大鼠上进行，分为 10 组（8 个实验组，2 个对照组）。动物在吸入室中暴露于 DEE（用木炭过滤的室气稀释至 2.1-2.2%（v/v）），每天 6 小时，每周 5 天。DEE 源自具有或不具有 DPF 处理的 Euro 5 发动机，使用 B7 或 SHB20 燃料运行。对照组动物暴露于清洁空气。我们的结果表明，在暴露和对照动物中，血液中检查的大多数血液学和生化参数水平相似。然而，暴露于 SHB20 燃料的 DEE 会导致红细胞（RBC）数量和血红蛋白浓度增加。此外，暴露于 SHB20 燃料的 DEE 7 天会引起外周血淋巴细胞中 DNA 单链断裂增加，从而导致遗传毒性作用。此外，两种类型的 DEE 的吸入均会引起氧化应激，并导致抗氧化防御酶的平衡失调。总之，暴露于与多环芳烃暴露量较高相关的 B7 的 DEE 会导致 T 和 NK 淋巴细胞数量减少，而 SHB20 的 DEE 会导致更高水平的 DNA 单链断裂、氧化应激和增加红细胞参数。此外，DPF 技术产生了更多的较小 PM，使 DEE 更具反应性和危害性，表现为氧化还原平衡失调。
