Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, St. Jakobsturm, Birsstrasse 320B, 4052, Basel, Switzerland.
BMC Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 25;18(1):266. doi: 10.1186/s12888-018-1841-5.
Burnout has long been understood as work-related physical, emotional, and cognitive exhaustion. However, burnout symptoms can also be found among younger people, including school-aged adolescents. While the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure (SMBM) is a widely applied instrument, its psychometric properties have not yet been investigated in adolescent populations. We therefore examined the psychometric properties of the SMBM in three independent samples of adolescents.
In total, 249 high school students, 144 vocational students, and 257 adolescent elite athletes completed the SMBM, along with questionnaires related to perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. Descriptive statistics, gender differences, and internal consistency, convergent/discriminant validity, and factorial validity (including measurement invariance across genders) were examined in each sample.
The SMBM had adequate internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that both a first- and second-order model achieve good model fit. Moreover, evidence for sufficient convergent and discriminant validity was found. Finally, in two of the three samples, female adolescents reported higher SMBM scores.
The SMBM has been widely used in international burnout research. However, this is the first study providing empirical evidence that the SMBM has acceptable psychometric properties and satisfactory convergent/discriminant and factorial validity among young people. The SMBM is a concise and economic tool to assess self-rated symptoms of burnout, and presents a valuable alternative to existing school burnout inventories. In particular, the SMBM can facilitate the investigation of the transition of young people from school to working life.
burnout 长期以来一直被理解为与工作相关的身体、情绪和认知上的疲惫。然而，burnout 症状也可能在年轻人中出现，包括学龄青少年。虽然 Shirom-Melamed 倦怠量表（SMBM）是一种广泛应用的工具，但它的心理测量特性尚未在青少年人群中进行研究。因此，我们在三个独立的青少年样本中研究了 SMBM 的心理测量特性。
共有 249 名高中生、144 名职业学生和 257 名青少年精英运动员完成了 SMBM 以及与感知压力、抑郁症状和生活满意度相关的问卷。在每个样本中，都进行了描述性统计、性别差异以及内部一致性、收敛/区分效度和因子效度（包括跨性别测量不变性）的检验。
SMBM 具有足够的内部一致性。验证性因素分析表明，一阶和二阶模型都具有良好的模型拟合度。此外，还发现了足够的收敛和区分效度的证据。最后，在三个样本中的两个样本中，女性青少年报告的 SMBM 得分更高。
SMBM 已在国际 burnout 研究中得到广泛应用。然而，这是第一项提供经验证据的研究，表明 SMBM 在年轻人中具有可接受的心理测量特性和令人满意的收敛/区分和因子效度。SMBM 是一种简洁经济的工具，可以评估自我报告的 burnout 症状，是现有学校 burnout 量表的有价值替代品。特别是，SMBM 可以促进对年轻人从学校到工作生活过渡的研究。
