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关于蔡特的政治迫害叙事的评论:历史背景

Commentary About Cheit's Witch-Hunt Narrative: The Historical Context.

作者信息

Olafson Erna

机构信息

1 University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH, USA.

出版信息

J Interpers Violence. 2017 Mar;32(6):940-947. doi: 10.1177/0886260516657352.

Abstract

Ross Cheit's lengthy study is strongest when he describes in detail the findings of his 13 years of research into the original records of the key "witch hunt" cases of the 1980s to set the record straight, when possible, about what really happened. However, because this was partial history that focused primarily on the interplay between academic psychology and the media in a limited number of cases, a commentary about the broader historical and institutional context may lead to a more optimistic conclusion than Cheit seems to reach. Since this latest discovery of child sexual abuse (and its partial suppression with the rapid and predictable construction of the witch-hunt narrative), professionals across a range of disciplines continue to refine statistical science to document the prevalence and impact of child sexual abuse. They continue to enhance our understanding about children's memory and suggestibility. They have steadily refined methods to elicit full and accurate information from alleged child victims, created child advocacy centers with multidisciplinary teams to handle cases skillfully, and have developed evidence-based assessment tools and treatment protocols for substantiated victims. This solid and continuing academic output, coupled with nationwide institutionalization of the childhood trauma and maltreatment fields in organizations such as the National Child Advocacy Center, the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, and the National Child Traumatic Stress Network make this rediscovery of child sexual abuse different from the many other discoveries and suppressions that preceded it.

摘要

罗斯·切特的长篇研究在详细描述他对20世纪80年代关键“猎巫”案件原始记录进行13年研究的结果时最为有力,目的是尽可能澄清到底发生了什么。然而,由于这只是部分历史,主要聚焦于少数案例中学术心理学与媒体之间的相互作用,一篇关于更广泛历史和制度背景的评论可能会得出比切特似乎得出的更为乐观的结论。自从最近发现儿童性虐待(以及随着猎巫叙事迅速且可预测地构建而对其进行的部分压制)以来,各学科的专业人员不断完善统计科学,以记录儿童性虐待的发生率和影响。他们不断增进我们对儿童记忆和易受暗示性的理解。他们稳步改进从所谓儿童受害者那里获取完整准确信息的方法,创建了有多学科团队的儿童维权中心以巧妙处理案件,并为经证实的受害者开发了基于证据的评估工具和治疗方案。这种扎实且持续的学术成果,再加上诸如国家儿童维权中心、美国虐待儿童专业协会和国家儿童创伤应激网络等组织在全国范围内将儿童创伤和虐待领域制度化,使得对儿童性虐待的这一重新发现不同于之前的许多其他发现和压制情况。

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