Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411 008, India.
Population Biology Laboratory, Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411 008, India
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2018 Oct 5;373(1757). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0428.
Dispersal syndromes (i.e. suites of phenotypic correlates of dispersal) are potentially important determinants of local adaptation in populations. Species that exhibit sexual dimorphism in their life history or behaviour may exhibit sex-specific differences in their dispersal syndromes. Unfortunately, there is little empirical evidence of sex differences in dispersal syndromes and how they respond to environmental change or dispersal evolution. We investigated these issues using two same-generation studies and a long-term (greater than 70 generations) selection experiment on laboratory populations of There was a marked difference between the dispersal syndromes of males and females, the extent of which was modulated by nutrition availability. Moreover, dispersal evolution via spatial sorting reversed the direction of interaction in one trait (desiccation resistance), while eliminating the sex difference in another trait (body size). Thus, we show that sex differences obtained through same-generation trait-associations ('ecological dispersal syndromes') are probably environment-dependent. Moreover, even under constant environments, they are not good predictors of the sex differences in 'evolutionary dispersal syndrome' (i.e. trait-associations shaped during dispersal evolution). Our findings have implications for local adaptation in the context of sex-biased dispersal and habitat-matching, as well as for the use of dispersal syndromes as a proxy of dispersal.This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking local adaptation with the evolution of sex differences'.
扩散综合征（即扩散相关表型的综合特征）是种群局部适应的潜在重要决定因素。在其生活史或行为上表现出性二态性的物种可能在其扩散综合征中表现出性别特异性差异。不幸的是，关于扩散综合征中的性别差异以及它们如何响应环境变化或扩散进化，几乎没有经验证据。我们使用两个同代研究和一个长期（超过 70 代）选择实验来研究这些问题，该实验针对实验室种群进行。雄性和雌性的扩散综合征存在明显差异，其程度受营养供应的调节。此外，通过空间分选进行的扩散进化改变了一个特征（抗干燥能力）的相互作用方向，同时消除了另一个特征（体型）的性别差异。因此，我们表明，通过同代特征关联获得的性别差异（“生态扩散综合征”）可能是环境依赖性的。此外，即使在恒定的环境下，它们也不能很好地预测“进化扩散综合征”中的性别差异（即在扩散进化过程中形成的特征关联）。我们的研究结果对性别偏向扩散和栖息地匹配背景下的局部适应具有重要意义，并且对将扩散综合征用作扩散代理的方法也具有重要意义。本文是主题问题“将局部适应与性别差异的进化联系起来”的一部分。
