Shamlu Fatemeh, Rezaei Mehdi, Lawson Shaneka, Ebrahimi Aziz, Biabani Abbas, Khan-Ahmadi Alireza
1Horticulture Department, Agriculture Faculty, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
2USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center (HTIRC), FORS309, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
Physiol Mol Biol Plants. 2018 Sep;24(5):939-949. doi: 10.1007/s12298-018-0573-9. Epub 2018 Jul 2.
Persian walnut ( L.) is known to have originated in central and eastern Asia. Remnants of these wild populations can still be found in the Hyrcanian forest in north-eastern Iran. In this study, 102 individual walnut trees from four geographic populations in the Azadshahr province (Vamenan, Kashidar, Rudbar and Saidabad) were sampled. We characterized individual trees using 28 standard morphological traits. The range of traits varied widely for some economically important characteristics including nut weight (6.1-19.79 g), kernel weight (2.9-9.4 g), and kernel fill percentage (26.51-60.34%). After morphological evaluation, 39 superior individuals based on nut quality and kernel fill percentage were selected for further genetic analysis. Individual superior trees were genotyped using 10 simple sequence repeat markers (SSR) and genetic diversity. Number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 (WGA005) to 12 (WGA054). Clustering analysis of 10 SSR loci divided the genotypes into three main groups. PCoA analysis clearly sorted genotypes into one of four distinctive groups which aligned with the cluster analysis. All analyses showed that individuals from Saidabad were genetically distinct. Likewise, results indicated that the high level of genetic diversity in Azadshahr region walnuts may provide a diverse source for superior walnuts in walnut breeding programs.
波斯核桃（Juglans regia L.）已知原产于亚洲中部和东部。这些野生种群的遗迹仍可在伊朗东北部的里海沿岸森林中找到。在本研究中，从阿扎德沙赫尔省的四个地理种群（瓦梅南、卡希达尔、鲁德巴尔和赛义德阿巴德）采集了102株核桃树样本。我们使用28个标准形态特征对单株树木进行了表征。对于一些经济上重要的特征，如坚果重量（6.1 - 19.79克）、果仁重量（2.9 - 9.4克）和果仁饱满率（26.51 - 60.34%），特征范围差异很大。经过形态学评估，根据坚果品质和果仁饱满率选择了39株优良单株进行进一步的遗传分析。使用10个简单序列重复标记（SSR）对优良单株进行基因分型并分析遗传多样性。每个位点的等位基因数范围从3个（WGA005）到12个（WGA054）。对10个SSR位点的聚类分析将基因型分为三个主要组。主坐标分析（PCoA）清楚地将基因型分为四个不同的组之一，这与聚类分析结果一致。所有分析表明，来自赛义德阿巴德的个体在遗传上是独特的。同样，结果表明，阿扎德沙赫尔地区核桃的高水平遗传多样性可能为核桃育种计划中的优良核桃提供多样化的来源。
