Mahdavi Reza, Osmanyan Artyom Karlovich, Fisinin Vladimir Ivanovich, Ghazi Harsini Shahab, Arkhipova Anna Leonidovna, Shevyakov Alexander Nikolayevich, Kovalchuk Svetlana Nikolaevna, Kosovsky Gleb Yurievich
Faculty of Animal Science and Biology, Special Animal Husbandry Department, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia.
All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Poultry, Sergiev Posad, Russia.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2018 Oct;102(5):1266-1273. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12956. Epub 2018 Aug 27.
The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of mash and crumble pre-starter diets on pancreatic enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, gene expression of intestinal peptide and amino acid (AA) transporters of broilers. Broilers in battery cages were assigned to different feed forms of pre-starter diet from 1 to 10 days of age. Significantly increased body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and lowered FCR were observed in birds fed crumble pre-starter diet (CPD, p < 0.05). Feed forms had no effect on whole and small intestine length, but relative intestinal length and relative small intestinal length significantly increased in the broilers fed a mash pre-starter diet (MPD, p < 0.05). Feeding CPD increased the weight of pancreas (p < 0.05), but relative weight of the pancreas was not influenced by treatments. Pancreatic protease and amylase activities significantly increased in the broilers fed CPD (p < 0.05) but the activity of lipase was not influenced. Crypt depth (CD) and villus height (VH) were higher in broilers fed CPD (p < 0.05) but villus width (VW), villus surface area (VSA) and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (VCR) were not influenced by treatments. mRNA levels for peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), Na -independent cationic AA transporter1 (CAT1), Na -independent cationic and Na -dependent neutral AA transporter 1 (y LAT1) and Na -dependent neutral AA transporter (B AT) were lower in birds fed CPD (p < 0.05). There were no differences in mRNA abundance of Na -independent cationic and zwitterionic AA transporter (b AT) among treatments. Overall, the present data showed that feeding crumble diet during first 10 days of age, through higher FI, enhanced intestinal histomorphology, increased digestive enzyme activity is beneficial to growth performance of broilers. Indeed, dietary form can be an important factor in the expression of jejunal transporters.
本研究的目的是评估粉料和破碎料开食前期日粮对肉鸡胰腺酶活性、肠道形态、肠道肽和氨基酸（AA）转运体基因表达的影响。将笼养肉鸡从1日龄至10日龄饲喂不同形式的开食前期日粮。饲喂破碎料开食前期日粮（CPD）的肉鸡体重增加（BWG）、采食量（FI）显著增加，料重比（FCR）降低（p<0.05）。日粮形式对整个小肠和小肠长度无影响，但饲喂粉料开食前期日粮（MPD）的肉鸡相对肠道长度和相对小肠长度显著增加（p<0.05）。饲喂CPD可增加胰腺重量（p<0.05），但胰腺相对重量不受处理影响。饲喂CPD的肉鸡胰腺蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性显著增加（p<0.05），但脂肪酶活性不受影响。饲喂CPD的肉鸡隐窝深度（CD）和绒毛高度（VH）较高（p<0.05），但绒毛宽度（VW）、绒毛表面积（VSA）和绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值（VCR）不受处理影响。饲喂CPD的肉鸡肽转运体1（PepT1）、钠非依赖性阳离子氨基酸转运体1（CAT1）、钠非依赖性阳离子和钠依赖性中性氨基酸转运体1（y+LAT1）以及钠依赖性中性氨基酸转运体（B0AT）的mRNA水平较低（p<0.05）。各处理间钠非依赖性阳离子和两性离子氨基酸转运体（b0AT）的mRNA丰度无差异。总体而言，目前的数据表明，在10日龄前饲喂破碎料日粮，通过提高采食量，改善肠道组织形态，增加消化酶活性，有利于肉鸡的生长性能。事实上，日粮形式可能是空肠转运体表达的一个重要因素。
