Ferguson James W, Atit Radhika P
Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Department of Genetics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Genesis. 2019 Jan;57(1):e23248. doi: 10.1002/dvg.23248. Epub 2018 Oct 3.
The skull bones must grow in a coordinated, three-dimensional manner to coalesce and form the head and face. Mammalian skull bones have a dual embryonic origin from cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) and paraxial mesoderm (PM) and ossify through intramembranous ossification. The calvarial bones, the bones of the cranium which cover the brain, are derived from the supraorbital arch (SOA) region mesenchyme. The SOA is the site of frontal and parietal bone morphogenesis and primary center of ossification. The objective of this review is to frame our current in vivo understanding of the morphogenesis of the calvarial bones and the gene networks regulating calvarial bone initiation in the SOA mesenchyme.
颅骨必须以协调的三维方式生长，以融合并形成头部和面部。哺乳动物的颅骨有双重胚胎起源，分别来自颅神经嵴细胞（CNCC）和轴旁中胚层（PM），并通过膜内成骨进行骨化。颅盖骨是覆盖大脑的颅骨，起源于眶上弓（SOA）区域的间充质。SOA是额骨和顶骨形态发生的部位以及骨化的主要中心。本综述的目的是梳理我们目前对颅盖骨形态发生以及调控SOA间充质中颅盖骨起始的基因网络的体内认识。
