Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA.
J Leukoc Biol. 2018 Dec;104(6):1087-1096. doi: 10.1002/JLB.1RI0917-366R. Epub 2018 Aug 29.
NK cells are important mediators of immunological defense against pathogens and cancer, owing in part to their ability to directly kill infected and malignant host cells. Although historically considered cells of the innate immune system, a growing body of literature indicates that NK cells have the capacity to mount immune responses with features of immunological memory, including enhanced recall responses that are long-lived and Ag-specific. Anamnestic NK cell responses in mice have now been described in a broad range of immunological settings, including viral and bacterial infections, hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reactions, and alloantigen responses. Memory-like NK cell populations have also been identified in humans, most notably in the context of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Here, an overview of these studies is provided with discussion of the molecular, transcriptional, and epigenetic pathways that regulate adaptive NK cell responses.
自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞是抵御病原体和癌症的重要免疫介质，部分原因在于它们能够直接杀死受感染和恶性宿主细胞。尽管 NK 细胞在历史上被认为是先天免疫系统的细胞，但越来越多的文献表明，NK 细胞具有产生具有免疫记忆特征的免疫反应的能力，包括具有长期和抗原特异性的增强的回忆反应。现在已经在广泛的免疫环境中描述了小鼠中的回忆性 NK 细胞反应，包括病毒和细菌感染、半抗原诱导的接触超敏反应 (CHS) 反应和同种抗原反应。在人类中也已经鉴定出具有记忆样 NK 细胞群体，在人类巨细胞病毒 (HCMV) 感染的情况下尤为明显。本文提供了这些研究的概述，并讨论了调节适应性 NK 细胞反应的分子、转录和表观遗传途径。
