Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), Québec, QC, Canada.
Department of Rehabilitation, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
PLoS One. 2018 Aug 29;13(8):e0203206. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203206. eCollection 2018.
Sensorimotor conflict induces both sensory and motor disturbances, but the specific factors playing a role in conflict-induced disturbances are still misunderstood. For example, we still do not know the role played by motor intention (vs. a purely visuo-proprioceptive conflict) or the influence of specific types of incongruent visual feedback. The objective of this study was threefold: 1- to compare the effect of passive and active movement during sensorimotor conflict on sensory disturbances measured with a questionnaire; 2- to compare the effect of three incongruent visual feedback conditions on sensory and motor (mediolateral drift and movement amplitude) disturbances; 3- to test whether conflict-induced sensory and motor disturbances were stable over time. 20 healthy participants realized active or passive cyclic upper limb movements while viewing either congruent or incongruent visual feedback about their movement using a robotized exoskeleton combined with 2D virtual reality interface. First, results showed that in condition of conflict, participants reported higher sensory disturbances during active movements compared to passive movements (p = 0.034), suggesting that the efference copy reinforces the conflict between vision and proprioception. Second, the three conditions of incongruence in the active condition induced similar sensory (all p>0.45) and motor disturbances (medio-lateral drift: all p>0.59 and amplitude: all p>0.25), suggesting that conflict induced motor disturbances could be related more to the observation of another movement rather than to a detection of conflict between motor intention and sensory feedback. Finally, both sensory and motor disturbances were stable over time (all ICCs between 0.76 and 0.87), demonstrating low variability within participants. Overall, our results suggest that the efference copy is more involved in sensory disturbances than in motor disturbances, suggesting that they might rely on independent processes.
感觉运动冲突会引起感觉和运动障碍，但在冲突引起的障碍中起作用的具体因素仍不清楚。例如，我们仍然不知道运动意图（与纯粹的视动冲突相比）或特定类型的不一致视觉反馈的作用。本研究的目的有三个：1. 比较感觉运动冲突期间被动和主动运动对使用机器人外骨骼和二维虚拟现实界面的上肢周期性运动的感觉障碍的影响；2. 比较三种不一致视觉反馈条件对感觉和运动（横向漂移和运动幅度）障碍的影响；3. 测试冲突引起的感觉和运动障碍是否随时间稳定。20 名健康参与者在观看机器人外骨骼和二维虚拟现实界面上关于其运动的一致或不一致的视觉反馈时，分别进行主动或被动的循环上肢运动。首先，结果表明，在冲突条件下，与被动运动相比，参与者在主动运动中报告的感觉障碍更高（p=0.034），这表明传出信息副本增强了视觉和本体感觉之间的冲突。其次，主动条件下的三种不一致条件引起了相似的感觉（所有 p>0.45）和运动障碍（横向漂移：所有 p>0.59 和幅度：所有 p>0.25），这表明运动障碍可能与观察到另一个运动有关，而不是与运动意图和感觉反馈之间的冲突检测有关。最后，感觉和运动障碍在时间上都是稳定的（所有 ICC 介于 0.76 和 0.87 之间），这表明参与者内的变异性较低。总的来说，我们的结果表明，传出信息副本在感觉障碍中比在运动障碍中更重要，这表明它们可能依赖于独立的过程。
