Validity and reliability of Italian version of the Non-Communicating Children's Pain Checklist: revised version.

BACKGROUND

The Non-Communicating Children Pain Check List-Revised (NCCPC-R) is a clinical assessment tool used to assess and measure pain in children aged 3 to 18 years, with mental and intellectual disabilities, incapable to speak.

AIM

Aim of our study was to test the validity and reliability of the Italian version of the NCCPC-R in children with cognitive impairment, in order to obtain a valid tool for pain assessment in these children.

DESIGN

Prospective observational study.

SETTING

Pediatric Outpatient of Physical and Rehabilitative Medicine Department, and Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry Department, Sapienza University, Rome.

POPULATION

55 non-communicating children, with severe intellectual disability, aged 3-18 years.

METHODS

The guidelines for "translation, adaptation, and validation of instruments or scales for cross-cultural healthcare research" were used to translate the scale, which was administered by the parents/caregivers twice for 2 consecutive days, in association with NRS (Numerical Rating Scale). The reliability of the scale was evaluated using the intra and inter-class correlation coefficient (ICCs); Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to test the internal validity of the scale; "Receiver Operating Characteristic" (ROC) curves were used to compare pain-free scores with pain scores, determining threshold scores; Pearson correlation between NCCPC-R and NRS values was measured.

RESULTS

The InterCC between the first and the second interviewer at T0 was 0,97, the IntraCC of the first interviewer at T0-T1 was 0,89, showing a high correlation; the Cronbach alpha coefficient at T0 was 0,97, showing a high scale's validity. Pearson correlation between NRS and NCCPC-R values at T0 was 0,54 showing a medium level of agreement (P<0,0001). AUC (area under the curve) obtained by ROC curve at T0 was 0,807 (P=0,001), with sensitivity 95,2 and specificity 55,6, while a T1 AUC was 0,814 (P<0,001), with sensitivity 86,49, specificity 78,57.

CONCLUSIONS

The Italian version of NCCPC-R scale could be used to asses pain in non-communicating patients with mental and intellectual disabilities, showing a good correlation when compared to the NRS.

CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT

The use of NCCPC-R scale in daily life made parents/caregivers able to discriminate the presence/absence of pain in non-communicating children, based on the scores obtained with the questionnaire.