Cai Zhenguang G, Wang Ruiming, Shen Manqiong, Speekenbrink Maarten
Department of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Brain and Mind Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, UK.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, China.
Cogn Psychol. 2018 Nov;106:21-42. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2018.08.001. Epub 2018 Aug 28.
Magnitudes from different dimensions (e.g., space and time) interact with each other in perception, but how these interactions occur remains unclear. In four experiments, we investigated whether cross-dimensional magnitude interactions arise from memory interference. In Experiment 1, participants perceived a constant-length line consisting of two line segments of complementary lengths and presented for a variable stimulus duration; then they received a cue about which of the two segment lengths to later reproduce. Participants were to first reproduce the stimulus duration and then the cued length. Reproduced durations increased as a function of the cued length if the cue was given before duration was retrieved from memory for reproduction (i.e. before duration reproduction; Experiment 1) but not if it was given after the duration memory had been retrieved from memory (i.e. after the start of duration reproduction; Experiment 2). These findings demonstrate that space-time interaction arises as a result of memory interference when length and duration information co-exist in working memory. Experiment 3 further demonstrated spatial interference on duration memories from memories of filled lengths (i.e. solid line segments) but not from noisier memories of unfilled lengths (demarcated empty spatial intervals), thus highlighting the role of memory noise in space-time interaction. Finally, Experiment 4 showed that time also exerted memory interference on space when space was presented as (relatively noisy) unfilled lengths. Taken together, these findings suggest that cross-dimensional magnitude interactions arise as a result of memory interference and the extent and direction of the interaction depend on the relative memory noises of the target and interfering dimensions. We propose a Bayesian model whereby the estimation of a magnitude is based on the integration of the noisily encoded percept of the target magnitude and the prior knowledge that magnitudes co-vary across dimensions (e.g., space and time). We discuss implications for cross-dimensional magnitude interactions in general.
来自不同维度（如空间和时间）的量值在感知中相互作用，但这些相互作用如何发生仍不清楚。在四项实验中，我们研究了跨维度量值相互作用是否源于记忆干扰。在实验1中，参与者感知一条由两个互补长度的线段组成的固定长度的线，并以可变的刺激持续时间呈现；然后他们收到一个提示，告知他们稍后要重现哪一个线段长度。参与者首先要重现刺激持续时间，然后是提示的长度。如果在从记忆中检索持续时间以进行重现之前（即持续时间重现之前；实验1）给出提示，那么重现的持续时间会随着提示长度的增加而增加，但如果在从记忆中检索持续时间记忆之后（即持续时间重现开始之后；实验2）给出提示，则不会增加。这些发现表明，当长度和持续时间信息共存于工作记忆中时，时空相互作用是记忆干扰的结果。实验3进一步证明了填充长度（即实线线段）的记忆对持续时间记忆的空间干扰，但未填充长度（划定的空空间间隔）的较嘈杂记忆则没有这种干扰，从而突出了记忆噪声在时空相互作用中的作用。最后，实验4表明，当空间以（相对嘈杂的）未填充长度呈现时，时间也会对空间产生记忆干扰。综上所述，这些发现表明跨维度量值相互作用是记忆干扰的结果，并且相互作用的程度和方向取决于目标维度和干扰维度的相对记忆噪声。我们提出了一个贝叶斯模型，其中量值的估计基于对目标量值的噪声编码感知与量值在不同维度（如空间和时间）上共同变化的先验知识的整合。我们讨论了这些发现对一般跨维度量值相互作用的意义。
