Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Koblenz-Landau, Ostbahnstr. 10, D-76829, Landau, Germany.
Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany.
Behav Res Ther. 2018 Oct;109:84-93. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.07.008. Epub 2018 Aug 2.
Self-esteem, the global attitude towards one's self, is low in persons with borderline personality disorder (BPD). This may be partially due to the ways these persons protect or enhance the self. A case in point is self-positivity, the association of positive rather than negative events, experiences, and objects with the self. Self-esteem and self-positivity may result from either conscious or non-conscious processes. We examined whether low self-esteem is related to low self-positivity in BPD, and whether their covariation is contingent upon conscious processing. We assessed explicit self-esteem via self-report (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) and implicit self-esteem via the Initial Preference Task in women with BPD and healthy control women. We assessed self-positivity in a self-referential processing task, in which participants rated the valence of positive, neutral, and negative nouns, and later recalled them. We manipulated referential context via supraliminal or subliminal priming of self-reference, other-reference, or no reference. Explicit and implicit self-esteem were lower in the BPD group than in the healthy control group. Participants with BPD rated self-referential words less positively, when primes were presented supraliminally. Less positive and slower ratings of positive self-referential words were associated with lower explicit, but not implicit, self-esteem in the BPD group.
自尊是个体对自我的整体态度，在边缘型人格障碍（BPD）患者中较低。这可能部分是由于这些人保护或增强自我的方式。一个恰当的例子是自我肯定，即将积极的事件、经验和对象与自我联系起来，而不是消极的事件、经验和对象。自尊和自我肯定可能来自有意识或无意识的过程。我们研究了 BPD 患者的低自尊是否与低自我肯定有关，以及它们的共变是否取决于有意识的处理。我们通过自我报告（罗森伯格自尊量表）评估了 BPD 患者和健康对照组女性的外显自尊，通过初始偏好任务评估了内隐自尊。我们在自我参照加工任务中评估自我肯定，参与者对积极、中性和消极名词的价值进行评分，然后回忆它们。我们通过超敏或亚敏的自我参照、他人参照或无参照来操纵参照语境。BPD 组的外显和内隐自尊均低于健康对照组。当呈现超敏词时，BPD 组对自我参照词的评价不那么积极。在 BPD 组中，对积极自我参照词的评价较低且较慢与外显自尊较低有关，但与内隐自尊无关。
