以色列接受食品援助人群的人口统计学和发病特征。
The demographic and morbidity characteristics of a population receiving food support in Israel.
作者信息
Endeweld M, Goldsmith R, Endevelt R
机构信息
The Israel National Insurance Institute, Jerusalem, Israel.
The Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
出版信息
Isr J Health Policy Res. 2018 Aug 30;7(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s13584-018-0238-8.
BACKGROUND
Food supply to poor populations is a big challenge, particularly in periods of economic stress and in an era of chronic diseases epidemics. In Israel more than 4000 poor families are currently receiving food support. Many of the food support products given to the family have low nutrient values, therefore not appropriately ensuring food security of the population. The aim of the current study was to examine for the first time the demographic, nutritional and chronic diseases profiles of food support beneficiaries, so as to aid in planning future food support components in Israel. In addition, the study examined associations between levels of food insecurity status and selected morbidities among food support recipients.
METHODS
In 2016, 3000 families (classified as very poor) in 24 municipalities received food support in Israel from the "National Food Security Project" (NFSP), under the guidance of the National Food Security Council. The 400 new families who joined the program in 2016 were requested to complete a questionnaire regarding the demographic and health characteristics of their families. Three hundred sixty-two of them completed the questionnaire for a response rate of 90%. The current study includes these families only.
RESULTS
The disposable income per capita of the surveyed families was very low - less than NIS 1100 a month ($280). About half the families were working families and 40% of them were in debt. Of the 362 responding families, about 82% of them were food insecure, with more than half severely food-insecure; this, despite receiving food support. About one-third of the families had at least one member with anemia, and a quarter of the families had a member with hyperlipidemia. Hypertension is present in about 22% of the families, diabetes in 17%, and there is a 12% incidence of at least one family member with heart disease. These rates are markedly higher than those in the general population. Higher levels of food insecurity were associated with higher levels of hyperlipidemia, heart disease and hypertension.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
The nutrition and medical status of the population receiving food support is much worse than in the general population. There is a need to improve the nutritional value of food support; this could include greater emphasis on whole grains, fruits and vegetables. There is also a need for a nationwide education program to focus on healthy nutrition and to subsidize healthy foods. Many health and nutrition promotion models show that in order to effect changes in dietary habits and behaviors related to improving nutrition, there is a need for nutrition education (Kamp et al., J Nutr Educ Behav 42:72-82, 2010).
背景
为贫困人口提供食物供应是一项巨大挑战，尤其是在经济压力时期以及慢性病流行的时代。在以色列，目前有4000多个贫困家庭正在接受食物援助。提供给家庭的许多食物援助产品营养价值较低，因此无法充分保障民众的食品安全。本研究的目的是首次调查食物援助受益者的人口统计学、营养状况和慢性病情况，以协助规划以色列未来的食物援助构成。此外，该研究还调查了食物不安全状况水平与食物援助接受者中选定疾病之间的关联。
方法
2016年，以色列24个城市的3000个家庭（被归类为极贫困家庭）在国家食品安全委员会的指导下，从“国家食品安全项目”（NFSP）获得了食物援助。要求2016年加入该项目的400个新家庭填写一份关于其家庭成员人口统计学和健康特征的问卷。其中362个家庭完成了问卷，回复率为90%。本研究仅包括这些家庭。
结果
被调查家庭的人均可支配收入非常低——每月不到1100新谢克尔（280美元）。约一半家庭是在职家庭，其中40%有债务。在362个回复家庭中，约82%的家庭食物不安全，其中一半以上严重食物不安全；尽管他们接受了食物援助。约三分之一的家庭至少有一名成员患有贫血，四分之一的家庭有成员患有高脂血症。约22%的家庭有高血压患者，17%的家庭有糖尿病患者，至少有一名家庭成员患有心脏病的发生率为12%。这些比率明显高于普通人群。更高程度的食物不安全与更高水平的高脂血症、心脏病和高血压相关。
讨论与结论
接受食物援助人群的营养和医疗状况比普通人群差得多。有必要提高食物援助的营养价值；这可能包括更加强调全谷物、水果和蔬菜。还需要开展一项全国性教育项目，专注于健康营养并补贴健康食品。许多健康和营养促进模式表明，为了改变与改善营养相关的饮食习惯和行为，需要进行营养教育（坎普等人，《营养教育与行为杂志》42:72 - 82，2010年）。
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