Mello Jennifer A, Gans Kim M, Risica Patricia M, Kirtania Usree, Strolla Leslie O, Fournier Leanne
Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island/Brown University Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Pawtucket, RI, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2010 Dec;110(12):1906-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2010.09.011.
Food insecurity has been associated with lower nutrient intake as well as lower intake of fruits and vegetables. However, little is known about the association of food insecurity and dietary behaviors, including food choices and preparation methods. This study examines the relationship between food insecurity and dietary behaviors of low-income adults (N = 1,874; 55% Hispanic) who completed the baseline telephone survey for a nutrition education study. From April 2003 to August 2004, data were collected on demographics and food-security status and validated dietary measures: fruit and vegetable screener and Food Habits Questionnaire were used to assess fat-related behaviors (food choices or preparation methods that lead to an increase or decrease in fat intake). χ² tests were conducted to compare each demographic variable by food-security status. Univariate linear regression models examined dietary variables by food-security status in univariate models initially, then in multivariable models adjusting for demographics. Half of participants reported food insecurity. Food Habits Questionnaire scores were significantly greater in the food-insecure group, reflecting a higher fat intake (P < 0.05). Fruit (with juice) intake was significantly greater in the food-insecure participants reflecting increased juice intake (P < 0.05). Food-insecure individuals reported a higher juice intake and a lower frequency of fat-lowering behaviors. Future interventions with food-insecure individuals should include nutrition education as well as efforts to increase access and availability to healthier foods. Further qualitative and quantitative research is needed on the relationship between diet and food insecurity.
粮食不安全与较低的营养素摄入量以及水果和蔬菜摄入量较低有关。然而，关于粮食不安全与饮食行为（包括食物选择和制备方法）之间的关联，人们所知甚少。本研究调查了完成营养教育研究基线电话调查的低收入成年人（N = 1874；55%为西班牙裔）的粮食不安全与饮食行为之间的关系。2003年4月至2004年8月，收集了人口统计学和粮食安全状况数据以及经过验证的饮食测量数据：使用水果和蔬菜筛查工具及食物习惯问卷来评估与脂肪相关的行为（导致脂肪摄入量增加或减少的食物选择或制备方法）。进行χ²检验以按粮食安全状况比较每个人口统计学变量。单变量线性回归模型最初在单变量模型中按粮食安全状况检验饮食变量，然后在调整了人口统计学因素的多变量模型中进行检验。一半的参与者报告存在粮食不安全状况。粮食不安全组的食物习惯问卷得分显著更高，反映出脂肪摄入量更高（P < 0.05）。粮食不安全的参与者水果（含果汁）摄入量显著更高，反映出果汁摄入量增加（P < 0.05）。粮食不安全的个体报告果汁摄入量更高，而降低脂肪摄入行为的频率更低。未来针对粮食不安全个体的干预措施应包括营养教育以及增加获取更健康食物的机会和可得性的努力。关于饮食与粮食不安全之间的关系，还需要进一步的定性和定量研究。
